In this paper are present the design and characterization of a pH sensor using plastic optical fiber (POF) technology and a material produced by the sol-gel process with TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) to immobilize universal indicator of pH (comprised of Thymol Blue, Methyl Red, Bromothymol Blue and Phenolphthalein) inside the silica matrix. This matrix is positioned between two extensions of plastic optical fiber tightly positioned at each side with both fibers aligned and sharing a common optical axis. This set will work as a pH sensor since the matrix embedded with indicator and in the presence of a solution (basic or acid solution) will change the optical transmittance properties. The optical source is a superluminescent white LED and the receiver is a photodiode having a good and linear responsivity in the visible spectrum. This pH sensitive matrix has large pores which allow the diffusion of the surrounding fluid molecules into the matrix and thus the close contact of these to the indicator molecules. This contact causes the change of color of the whole matrix allowing proper colorimetric detection by the photodiode. This variation of color associated with the detector wavelength linear response is the base of operation of the proposed device. This pH sensor presents many advantages over the standard and commercial pH meters namely, lightweight, portability and a low cost.
KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Temperature metrology, Cladding, Sensors, Carbon dioxide lasers, Calibration, Power meters, Refractive index, Temperature sensors, Fiber Bragg gratings
In this paper we present an extremely low-cost system for temperature measurement using Long Period Grating sensors (LPG) in such an unusual way that prevents experimenters and end users from utilizing OSA which are extremely expensive, thus saving tenths of thousand of euros. The basic idea is using total power measurement instead of wavelength shift for which a low-cost power meter is sufficient to precisely measure temperature. When certain fabrication conditions are met, the total transmitted power by the LPG has a monotonous behavior with temperature, making it a good and cost-effective sensor. Its sensitivity is approximately linear with 4.162 μW/°C and the uncertainty is about 1μW with a potential resolution of 0.24 °C. The results obtained so far show that this temperature sensor has a good performance and has many advantages over the standard FBG and LPG ones: exhibit short response time, portability and low cost.
In this work we present a specially designed high resolution electromechanical system to be used with a cw CO2 Laser to
fabricate high quality long period grating sensors (LPG). We also describe the experiments carried out to measure the
resulting enhanced transmission spectra of the fabricated LPG and to measure their response as temperature sensors.
Sharp and well pronounced spectral peaks were obtained reaching 30dB. Sensitivity values of 118 pm/°C were easily
obtained without any fiber coating. Wide range temperature coverage (20 - 600 °C) was attained by making use of two
distinctive peaks of the transmission spectrum.
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