Alexa Lauinger, Meagan McNicholas, Matthew Bramlet, Maria Bederson, Bradley Sutton, Caroline G. Cao, Irfan Ahmad, Carlos Brown, Shandra Jamison, Sarita Adve, John Vozenilek, Jim Rehg, Mark Cohen
PurposeThis review summarizes the current use of extended reality (XR) including virtual reality (VR), mixed reality, and augmented reality (AR) in the medical field, ranging from medical imaging to training to preoperative planning. It covers the integration of these technologies into clinical practice and within medical training while discussing the challenges and future opportunities in this sphere. This will hopefully encourage more physicians to collaborate on integrating medicine and technology.ApproachThe review was written by experts in the field based on their knowledge and on recent publications exploring the topic of extended realities in medicine.ResultsBased on our findings, XR including VR, mixed reality, and AR are increasingly utilized within surgery both for preoperative planning and intraoperative procedures. These technologies are also promising means for improved education at every level of physician training. However, there are still barriers to the widespread adoption of VR, mixed reality, and AR, including human factors, technological challenges, and regulatory issues.ConclusionsBased on the current use of VR, mixed reality, and AR, it is likely that the use of these technologies will continue to grow over the next decade. To support the development and integration of XR into medicine, it is important for academic groups to collaborate with industrial groups and regulatory agencies in these endeavors. These joint projects will help address the current limitations and mutually benefit both fields.
Mobile multimedia systems must provide application quality of service (QoS) in the presence of dynamically varying and multiple resource constraints (e.g., variations in available CPU time, energy, and bandwidth). Researchers have therefore proposed adaptive systems that can respond to changing resource availability and application demands. All system layers can benefit from adaptation, but fully exploiting these benefits requires a new cross-layer adaptation framework to coordinate the adaptations in the different layers. This paper presents such a framework and its first prototype, called GRACE-1. The framework supports application QoS under CPU and energy constraints via coordinated adaptation in the hardware, OS, and application layers. Specifically, GRACE-1 uses global adaptation to handle large and long-term variations, setting application QoS, CPU allocation, and CPU frequency/voltage to qualitatively new levels. In response to small and temporary variations, it uses local adaptation within each layer. We have implemented the GRACE-1 prototype on an HP laptop with an adaptive processor. Our experimental results show that, compared to previous approaches that exploit adaptation in only some of the layers or in an uncoordinated way, GRACE-1 can provide higher overall system utility in several cases.
Conference Committee Involvement (2)
Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006
18 January 2006 | San Jose, California, United States
Multimedia Computing and Networking 2005
19 January 2005 | San Jose, California, United States
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