Non-fully conjugated 6F-PBO graft copolymers of poly(Am-co-B(1-m)) with poly[2,2-(m-2-hydroxyl-phenylene)- 4-4’-hexafluoroisopropane-bibenzoxazoles] (Am) and poly[2,2-(1,4-didecylhydroxyl-phenylene)-4-4’-hexafluoroisopro-pane-bibenzoxazoles] (B(1-m)) were synthesized with molar fraction m from 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 to 1. The 6F-PBO random copolymers had identical benzoxazole with trifluoromethyl-ethyl as the backbone and pendants of mono-hydroxl (6F-PBO-OH, Am) and/or di-decyloxyl (6F-PBO-di(OC10H21), B(1-m)) on their phenylene rings. The copolymers were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light absorption covering 185 nm to 800 nm and photoluminescence (PL) emission excited at 363 nm. The PL exhibited a chromatic tuning range from green to white emission as m decreased. Light emitting devices (LEDs) of Al/copolymer/indium-tin-oxide were fabricated. A threshold voltage of 6 V was achieved for all 6F-PBO copolymer LEDs. The photometric coordinates of their electroluminescence (EL) emission were from (0.25, 0.53) to (0.24, 0.31) covering a visible range including white light emission. Another non-fully conjugated coil-like copolymer of poly(Am-co-C(1-m)) with 6F-PBO-OH (Am) and poly[2,2’-(2-hydroxy-o-phenylene)- 5,5’-bibenzimidazole] (Pbi-OH, C(1-m)) were synthesized and fabricated into LEDs. UV-Vis showed superposition of individual absorption from the 6F-PBO-OH and the Pbi-OH components. The PL and the EL had a red shift with increasing Pbi-OH content seemed to suggest that Pbi-OH was more charge delocalized than 6F-PBO-OH. PL and EL showed a green emission which was not tunable according to m. The threshold voltages were about at 2 ~ 3 V. Composites of poly(Am-co-C(1-m)) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) were in situ synthesized for dispersion of the nanotubes. Few MWNT aggregations were observed via scanning electron microscope. The threshold voltages were 2 ~ 5 V. There was a red shift with MWNT addition in the PL and the EL but remained a green emission. Thus, up to 2 wt.% of MWNT was inconsequential on the PL and the EL emissions of the copolymer poly(Am-co-C(1-m)).
Poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) contain fully conjugated rodlike backbone entailing excellent mechanical properties, thermo-oxidative and solvent resistance. Rigid-rod PBO is commonly processed by dissolved in methanesulfonic acid or Lewis acid. A CNT of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) was dissolved in a Lewis acid solution of PBO for dispersion of nanotube, and then spun for thin film. MWNT
concentration in the films was from zero up to 5 wt.%. Compared to that of pure PBO film, all PBO/MWNT composite films retained same but enhanced UV-Vis absorption peaks showing that MWNT and PBO do not have overlapping electron orbitals affecting their energy gaps. The composite films were excited at 325 nm using a He-Cd
laser for photoluminescence (PL) response. All PL spectra had maximum wavelength peak at 540 nm indicative of yellow-green light emission. In the case of light emitting diodes, MWNT doped PBO would decrease threshold voltage for about 2 V and increase device emission current up two orders of magnitude than those without MWNT. This required a larger bias voltage leading to a shorter device lifetime.
Heterocyclic aromatic polymer poly(p- phenylenebenzobisthiazole), PBT, is a rigid-rod polymer having a fully conjugated backbone as well as excellent dimensional, thermo-oxidative, and solvent stabilities. A PBT polymer with intrinsic viscosity of 18.0 dL/g was dissolved in methanesulfonic acid or Lewis acid. The PBT solution was spin- coated, doctor-bladed or extruded for freestanding films or onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The acid was removed via coagulation resulted in PBT films of about 80 nm in thickness on the ITO substrate as determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray scattering demonstrated that the extruded freestanding films were uniaxial while the others were isotropic without long-range order. Both temperature and excitation power dependences of the photoluminescence measurements were performed. The laser excitation power dependence of the emission intensity is fitted well with a bimolecular recombination model. Light-emitting devices were fabricated with a structure of Al(Mg)/PBT/ITO/glass, and gave out green-yellow light. A threshold voltage as low as 1 V was achieved. Electroluminescence spectra showed a blue-shift with increasing voltage, which is ascribed to the band-filling effect. Vibrational structure emerged in the photoluminescence spectra at low temperatures, and was observed in the electroluminescence spectra at high voltages, which gives a vibrational mode spacing of 186 meV for the lowest levels.
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