A scanning probe microscopy is applied to measure high adhesive energy between Cr or MoSi patterns and quartz
substrates by using probes with high stiffness cantilevers. Line patterns with the widths of ~100 nm are peeled from the
interface by strain energy stored in the probe, and no residue was observed after peeling. The strain amount has good
linear relationship with sensor outputs, and is quantified as a displacement of cantilevers. As a measurement result,
adhesive energy of MoSi patterns on the substrate is larger than that of Cr patterns. In addition, adhesive energy of line
patterns is sensitive to the pattern width which is parallel side to scan direction, and decreases with pattern width
reduction. The method is effective to measure strong adhesion, like chemical bonds, of micro patterns, and will
contribute process development for micro fabrication in photomask and wafer fields.
After quartz blanks with various sulfate ion amount on the surfaces were exposed by an ArF laser, growing defects, haze,
on the surfaces were consequently counted by an inspection tool. As a result, the number of haze largely depends on the
sulfate ion amount, and it is found that no haze is generated when the sulfate ion amount is smaller than a threshold value.
A new haze generation model is provided to explain the threshold phenomenon. And then storage impact on increase of
the sulfate ion amount was investigated. The sulfate ion amount increases with storage time and airborne SOx
concentration. From the results, the adsorption coefficient of an extended Langmuir equation was calculated, and the
adsorption phenomenon was analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that it is recommended, regarding for storage
environment, to keep under 0.01 ppbv airborne SOx concentration in order to prevent haze for one year.
Photomasks with various sub resolution assist feature (SRAF) were vigorously cleaned by a megasonic tool, and their
pattern damage, "SRAF-missing", was investigated. As a result, it was found that SRAF-missing can occur at a low
probability by the megasonic cleaning and the probability significantly depends on SRAF size, especially width. With
smaller than 100 nm width, SRAF-missing probability rapidly increased with SRAF width reduction. In addition, the
relationship between SRAF-missing and acoustic pressure was investigated, and at the same time that between particle
removal efficiency (PRE) and acoustic pressure was also investigated. As a result, SRAF-missing and PRE showed a
trade-off relationship. Using all results, an experimental equation was provided. After verification by additional
experiments, some simulations were done, and megasonic cleaning subject was predicted for the 45nm and 32nm-node
mask fabrication.
After quartz blanks with various sulfate ion amount on the surfaces were exposed by an ArF laser, growing defects, haze,
on the surfaces were consequently counted by an inspection tool. As a result, the number of haze largely depends on the
sulfate ion amount, and it is found that no haze is generated when the sulfate ion amount is smaller than a threshold value.
A new haze generation model is provided to explain the threshold phenomenon. And then storage impact on increase of
the sulfate ion amount was investigated. The sulfate ion amount increases with storage time and airborne SOx
concentration. From the results, the adsorption coefficient of an extended Langmuir equation was calculated, and the
adsorption phenomenon was analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that it is recommended, regarding for storage
environment, to keep under 0.01 ppbv airborne SOx concentration in order to prevent haze for one year.
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