Despite remarkable advances in neuromorphic photonics, nanophotonic devices enabling neuron-like spiking emission and detection—needed for spike-based computation—are still at an early stage of development. Here, we present recent achievements on a photonic neuro-architecture based on III–V integrated spiking circuit nodes using nanoscale quantum resonant tunneling diodes (nanoRTDs) with negative differential resistance. We discuss the integration of nanoRTDs with nano-photodetectors (nanoPDs), nano-light-emitting diodes (nanoLEDs) and other light sources (e.g., VCSELs), to realize on-chip sensory neuron emitter and receiver spiking nodes. The RTD-based nanophotonic neuron devices and circuits for sensing and spike processing multi-functionalities pave the way for energy-efficient signal processing and sensory neuromorphic systems in edge computing AI applications.
The ability to use resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) as both transmitters and receivers is an emerging topic, especially with regards to wireless communications. Successful data transmission has been achieved using electronic RTDs with carrier frequencies exceeding 0.3 THz. Specific optical-based RTDs, which act as photodetectors, have been developed by adjusting the device structure to include a light absorption layer and small optical windows on top of the device to allow direct optical access. This also allows the optical signal to directly modulate the RTD oscillation. Both types of RTD oscillators will allow for seamless integration of high frequency radio and optical fiber networks.
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