The Soft X-ray Nanoprobe (SXN) beamline, in development at Synchrotron NSLS-II under NEXT-II U.S. Department of Energy MIE project, is dedicated to soft x-ray scanning microscopy. It will offer researchers state-of-the-art soft x-ray nano-imaging and spectroscopy tools with world-leading coherent high photon flux in the energy range from 250 eV to 2500 eV and full polarization control with an aim to reach spatial resolution below 10 nm. It will provide element access from carbon (C) to sulfur (S) through K-edges and many other important elements through L- and M-edges. The primary endstation, nanoISM, will offer both a conventional Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) mode, for high throughput 2D/3D absorption imaging, and a coherent diffractive imaging (ptychography) mode, for extra high spatial resolution. This article presents the design and status of the SXN beamline. The result of wave-optics- simulation allowed us to verify the beam performance from “source to sample” and supports the design of the beamline.
A wavefront split propagator dedicated to the simulation of wavefront propagation through high-resolution x-ray nano-focusing optics system has been implemented in Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW). The new propagator integrated the Shifted Angular Spectrum (Shift-AS) method and the sub-wavefront approach with SRW's original transmission optics and standard drift-space propagators. This approach allowed for a significant reduction of memory required for the simulation of wavefront propagation through Fresnel zone plates with very large numbers of zones and other high-resolution focusing optics while preserving the accuracy of the numerical wave-optics calculation. We introduce the two approaches, i.e., the sub-wavefront approach and Shift-AS approach, and describe their implementation and program structure in the new SRW’s wavefront split propagator. Using the potential Fresnel zone plates of Soft X-ray Nanoprobe (SXN) beamline at NSLS-II as examples, we demonstrate this new propagator, and report on its high accuracy and memory-saving capabilities by comparing the calculation result with those by the original propagators, and also point to future applications of this approach.
We performed fully- and partially-coherent synchrotron emission and propagation simulations with the "Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" computer code to analyze the performance of two soft X-ray beamlines under development at the National Synchrotron Light Source II: Soft X-ray Nanoprobe (SXN), and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) Imaging (ARI). The SXN beamline intends to provide high flux and high spatial resolution coherent soft X-ray imaging capabilities using both zone plate and lensless coherent imaging techniques. The ARI beamline aims to perform high flux ARPES and RIXS experiments with a focal spot size at the sample approaching 100 nm using highly-demagnifying mirrors in Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry. To accurately calculate the resolution and the degree of X-ray coherence provided by the two state-of-the-art beamlines, partial coherence effects are required to be taken into account in wave optics simulations for these two beamlines. In this talk, beamline performance parameters such as spot size, degree of coherence, flux, and energy resolution at the sample are presented. The effects of mirror surface slope errors on beamline performance were studied and some suggestions for further optimization are discussed.
Imaging magnetic materials and structures as a function of external parameters, including magnetic and electric fields, and temperature will provide detailed insight into their dynamics and behavior. Coherent soft x-ray scattering (CSX) beamline at NSLS-II provide researchers a world leading coherent high photon flux with full polarization control. Coherent diffraction imaging, such as resonant soft x-ray ptychography and holography, are under commissioning at CSX and welcome new users. Very recently, we monitored thermal motions of magnetic domain wall with high magnetic contrast and 10nm spatial resolution using holography imaging. Moreover, a new holography chamber has been developed and installed at CSX beamline and it provided holography imaging capability to study magnetic materials as a function of temperature under in-situ condition (current injection and in-vacuum magnetic field).
Here, we highlight current achievements and discusses the future potential of magnetic soft X-ray imaging with a spatial resolution of sub-10nm at CSX beamline, NSLS-II.
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