Eight common species of algae belonging to four categories were chosen and cultivated, and their three-dimensional fluorescence spectra were measured. The noise existed in spectra was eliminated by Empirical model decomposition technology. Three different ways of feature extraction were compared, among which, the first one was based on the wavelet analysis with the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The second was based on the distribution of the primary pigment, which simplified the raw spectra to a characteristic matrix with fewer data. The third one only used a discrete characteristic excitation spectrum with seven extraction wavelengths (405,435,470,490,530,555, and 590nm) to present the feature of each alga. By setting up the feature database with these three ways, the right recognition rates of pure test samples are 82.4%, 94.1% and 88.2%, and that in the mixture are 63.3%, 83.3% and 67.7% respectively. For the third feature-extracted method, after adding with another two new features: (a) the first component from principal component analysis; (b) the ratio of relative fluorescence intensity at 435nm and 470nm. The right recognition rate of the mixture could increase to 76.6%. Therefore, not only could the discrete characteristic excitation spectra satisfy with the basic algal identification requirements, but also could be more efficient.
In this paper, we improve reconstruction quality from in-line holograms of marine algae by two phase-retrieval-based reconstruction methods. Digital holographic microscopy, with its high-resolution and volume recording capability, has been applied in the area of monitoring marine algae. We designed a digital in-line holographic microscopy laboratory system to observe and analyze marine algae. Due to the “twin-image” problem caused by the loss of phase information in hologram recording, the reconstructed quality from holograms of marine algae reduced significantly. To enhance reconstruction quality, the alternating projections methods and inverse methods are introduced and implemented on the marine algae holograms. Compared with the traditional backpropagation method, both of the above methods have good performance in improving reconstruction quality from in-line marine algae holograms.
Phytoplankton, as an important component of marine ecosystem, play a key role in understanding marine resources and monitoring marine environment. In this paper, under the suggestion of marine biology professional researcher, we selected six kinds of phytoplankton commonly found in China’s coastal areas and conducted digital holographic microscopic imaging experiments to obtain their holograms. Then, the angular spectrum reconstruction algorithm was used to conduct diffraction reconstruction of the phytoplankton hologram to achieve clear imaging of the algae target. A threshold based image segmentation algorithm is used to segment the phytoplankton target area and obtain image dataset. Finally, transfer learning is used to train on the pre-trained model. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the trained network on the test set can reach 95.7%.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing technology is widely used in the field of biosensors due to its non-marking, high-sensitivity, and non-invasive characteristics. However, SPR technology is still limited to sensing analysis in twodimensional plane, axial detection, as the key of SPR application in three-dimensional medium spatial detection, has not been well studied and solved. In an angle-interrogation SPR sensing system, the spatial characteristics of evanescent wave-dielectric interaction at multiple wavelengths are studied, and the factors affecting the spatial distribution of surface plasmon resonance are also analyzed. An axial spatial resolution method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with multi-wavelength angle-interrogation structure is proposed, the refractive index distribution in axial space is determined by analyzing the characteristic SPR signal. In addition, the calculation and analysis of the applicable range of wavelengths are carried out. In the reliable spectral range of the incident light wavelength of 600-900 nm, the average error of the axial refractive index spatial resolution increases from 10-5 RIU to 10-4 RIU as the number of axial layers increases. The proposed multi-wavelength angle modulation structure analysis method based on PSO algorithm extends the SPR detection range from two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional space, which provides a new and promising analysis model for molecular biology.
The content of chlorophyll-a is one of the important indicators of eutrophication in marine ranching. Accurate measurement of chlorophyll-a content is of great significance for the sustainable development of marine ranching. In order to realize insite detection of chlorophyll-a content in marine ranching, a chlorophyll-a fluorometer based on lock-in amplifier was designed according to the fluorescence characteristics of chlorophyll-a. A high-brightness 460nm LED was used as the excitation source and the chlorophyll-a fluorescence was detected at 680nm by a photodiode through an interference filter. At the same time, a reference light path was used to compensate the change of light source. The response of the sensor was tested using chlorophyll-a solution, the results showed the sensor has good linearity in the dynamic range and the correlation coefficient is 0.996. The noise level was tested using pure water, the test results showed that the sensor has good noise performance and the resolution of the sensor is 0.2μg/L.
The purpose of this paper is to use digital holographic imaging to capture the hologram of the underwater particles. Digital holography includes two steps: wavefront recording and wavefront reconstruction. In the experiments of the underwater particles, some technique issues, such as the principle of digital holography, zero-order item suppressing and reconstruction algorithm are discussed. The complex amplitude of the underwater particles is reconstructed using numerical methods based on the Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral formula. In this case, it enables reconstruction of the object wavefield in a plane at a distance d from hologram. This novel method for imaging the underwater particles using digital holography is an extremely valuable technique for the study of underwater particles fields as it has many advantages such as large depth of field, no focusing, high resolution and has the ability to record the wavefront information of all particles in the entire volume. Finally, this paper demonstrates it is possible for digital holographic imaging setup with less complexity to image underwater particles according to our laboratory results.
Fluorescence spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy are common physical methods used for water quality monitoring and analysis. However, in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, the absorption spectroscopy is still inferior; limited categories of organic contaminants can emit fluorescence, which constrains the analytical range. Here in, a novel feature extraction method is proposed in conjoint analysis of fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy to predict the category of water contaminants. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra and absorption spectra of eight typical substances were studied. We extracted the outline of every three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum along the emission wavelengths axis, and then transformed it into a wavenumber spectrum. The symmetry axis and Stokes shift between fluorescence emission peak and absorption peak in their wavenumber spectra were set as two features. Theoretically, they depend only on the molecular structures of different substances. Moreover, four integral parameters in different absorption spectral ranges corresponding to functional groups were introduced to expand the analytical coverage of diverse contaminants including some non-fluorescent substances. Furthermore, we conducted long-term monitoring of river water near a dyeing and printing plant to demonstrate the prediction potential of this method. As an early warning system, the rapid prediction results can provide guidance for more targeted and detailed analysis and treatment.
A bimetallic chip was designed to improve the performance of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on angular interrogation, which demonstrated a relatively low noise level and a high resolution compared with a single gold chip. The calculated refractive index resolution of the bimetallic chip is 5.3 × 10-7 RIU. In addition, the electric field intensity at the surface of the chip is enhanced. This can guarantee a high sensitivity in a larger sensing region for the measurement of macromolecules, especially in the field of biological sensing. The bimetallic chip SPR sensor was combined with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film as artificial receptor to detect antibiotics. The molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by photo-polymerization of ciprofloxacin capped with itaconic acid as functional monomer on the bimetallic chip. The thickness of the MIP film was 16 ±2 nm, which was measured with a stylus profiler. The MIP exhibited high selectivity to ciprofloxacin compared with dopamine and penicillin, and the selectivity coefficients of ciprofloxacin,penicillin, and dopamine were 1, 0.22, and 0.19, respectively. The SPR response was proportional to the concentration of ciprofloxacin, the limit of detection (LOD) of which was 0.1 pM or 0.04 ppt,while the LOD for a single gold chip was 0.5 pM. The adsorption of CIP by the MIP bimetallic-coated chip was reversible. Taking the reproducibility of MIP into consideration, a combination of SPR sensing with MIP is a promising method for the detection of ciprofloxacin.
In this paper, a novel approach was implemented to image the marine plankton using the in-line digital holographic technology. the digital holography can image all plankton in a certain volume and more information can be recorded including the intensity and phase information. Moreover, the lensless system cases no aberrations and reduces the complexity of structure. In the process of hologram reconstruction, numerical algorithms were developed based on the angle spectrum theory. In the experiments of marine plankton, some technical issues, such as reconstruction algorithm, numerical refocusing, zero-order term suppression, were discussed. We can obtain the reconstructing image layer by layer at different distances by changing the distance step, which demonstrates that digital holographic imaging is capable of digital refocusing. Digital holographic imaging has clear advantages over other optical methods for the analysis of marine plankton, which contributes to further microorganism identification in the oceanographic observation by using the digital image processing and microscopy techniques.
Abstracts A method, based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation, is proposed to optimize micro-well structural parameter of SPRi sensor with polarization contrast modulation. According to PSO algorithm, these six structural parameters are optimized. Following that, the electromagnetic field characteristics of the gold micro-well structure involving the background gold film thickness are simulated and optimized by FDTD. It is proved that the sensitivity of the optimized structure is four times higher than the traditional one, which shows the practicability of the home-built SPRi sensor, in addition, as a result of the high signal-to-noise ratio, the refractive index resolution of the sensor is two order of the magnitude lower. Besides that, optimization algorithm provides a new way for other SPR sensor optimization.
The goal of National University Students’ Optical-Science-Technology Competition (NUSOSTC) is to provide a nation-wide platform for students from the colleges and universities, which have majors in the field of optics and photonics, to communicate and learning each other. Meanwhile, it works on pushing forward the popularity of optoelectronic knowledge, cultivating the students' teamwork and innovation ability, promoting higher education personnel training mode and practice teaching reform, and then improving the quality of talent training. The founding, organizational structure development and overall organizational arrangements of NUSOSTC were introduced in this paper. Besides, the competition logo, theme, title, final date, numbers of participating universities, undertaking universities and cities of the five NUSOSTCs held during 2008 to 2016 and the progress had been made were given in detail.
The employers in optical engineering fields hope to recruit students who are capable of applying optical principles to solve engineering problems and have strong laboratory skills. In Zhejiang University, a hierarchy curriculum for practical skill training has been constructed to satisfy this demand. This curriculum includes “Introductive practicum” for freshmen, “Opto-mechanical systems design”, “Engineering training”, “Electronic system design”, “Student research training program (SRTP)”, “National University Students’ Optical-Science-Technology Competition game”, and “Offcampus externship”. Without cutting optical theory credit hours, this hierarchy curriculum provides a step-by-step solution to enhance students’ practical skills. By following such a hierarchy curriculum, students can smoothly advance from a novice to a qualified professional expert in optics. They will be able to utilize optical engineering tools to design, build, analyze, improve, and test systems, and will be able to work effectively in teams to solve problems in engineering and design.
Courses are an important way of cultivating talents in college education. Advanced training schemes and the course system are implemented through course teaching. Advanced teaching notions and methods also rely on course teaching. Therefore, the quality of course teaching is the fundamental guarantor for grooming talent. The teachers of the course “Microcontroller Principles and Interface Techniques” in the Optical Science and Engineering College of Zhejiang University insist on course teaching becoming student centered and ability-training–oriented. They pay attention to students’all-round development in terms of learning ability, practical ability, innovation ability, and exploring spirit. They actively carried out course reforms in four aspects, namely teaching, learning, evaluation, and experimentation. This paper mainly introduced these reforms. First, the teaching method was reformed by introducing case analysis and the notion of a flipped classroom to shift the course focus from the teacher to the students. Second, the learning method was reformed through the use of techniques such as peer learning and project design to promote students’ sense of enquiry and learning initiative. Third, the evaluation method was reformed through the use of process assessment and diversity evaluation to encourage students to develop logical thinking and a down-to-earth manner. Fourth, the experimentation method was reformed by introducing hierarchical content, process management, and diversification of examination to change students’learning attitude from “dependence, passivity, and imitation” to “independence, active involvement, and creation.”In general, the teaching method reform promoted reforms in learning, evaluation, and experimentation methods and further improved the style of study. These reforms improved teachers’ teaching abilities and enabled course teaching to transform from being teacher centered to student centered. Years of exploration and practice results have shown that such reforms not only effectively inspire students to learn, explore, and practice actively, but also cultivate their creative spirit and courage to face challenges, providing a good platform for theirself-learning and personal growth. The course reforms discussed here have been highly recommended for their reference value.
In order to realize the sharing of high quality course resources and promote the deep integration of ‘Internet+’ higher education and talent training, a new on-line to off-line specialized courses teaching mode was explored in Chinese colleges and universities, which emphasized different teaching places, being organized asynchronously and localized. The latest progress of the Chinese National Optical Education Small Private On-line Course (CNOESPOC) system set up by Zhejiang University and other colleges and universities having disciplines in the field of optics and photonics under the guidance of the Chinese National Steering Committee of Optics and Photonics (CNSCOP) was introduced in this paper. The On-line to Off-line (O2O) optical education teaching resource sharing practice offers a new good example for higher education in China under the background of Internet +.
The optimized curriculum of College of Optical Science and Engineering is accomplished at Zhejiang University, based on new trends from both research and industry. The curriculum includes general courses, foundation courses such as mathematics and physics, major core courses, laboratory courses and several module courses. Module courses include optical system designing, optical telecommunication, imaging and vision, electronics and computer science, optoelectronic sensing and metrology, optical mechanics and materials, basics and extension. These curricula reflect the direction of latest researches and relates closely with optoelectronics. Therefore, students may combine flexibly compulsory courses with elective courses, and establish the personalized curriculum of “optoelectronics + X”, according to their individual strengths and preferences.
In order to enhance the practical education and hands-on experience of optoelectronics and eliminate the overlapping contents that previously existed in the experiments section adhering to several different courses, a lab course of “Applied Optoelectronics Laboratory” has been established in the College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University. The course consists of two sections, i.e., basic experiments and project design. In section 1, basic experiments provide hands-on experience with most of the fundamental concept taught in the corresponding courses. These basic experiments including the study of common light sources such as He-Ne laser, semiconductor laser and solid laser and LED; the testing and analysis of optical detectors based on effects of photovoltaic effect, photoconduction effect, photo emissive effect and array detectors. In section 2, the course encourages students to build a team and establish a stand-alone optical system to realize specific function by taking advantage of the basic knowledge learned from section 1. Through these measures, students acquired both basic knowledge and the practical application skills. Moreover, interest in science has been developed among students.
This paper introduces a Comprehensively Functional Integrated Management Information System designed for the Optical Engineering Major by the College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, which combines the functions of teaching, students learning, educational assessment and management. The system consists of 5 modules, major overview, online curriculum, experiment teaching management, graduation project management and teaching quality feedback. The major overview module introduces the development history, training program, curriculums and experiment syllabus and teaching achievements of optical engineering major in Zhejiang University. The Management Information System is convenient for students to learn in a mobile and personalized way. The online curriculum module makes it very easy for teachers to setup a website for new curriculums. On the website, teachers can help students on their problems about the curriculums in time and collect their homework online. The experiment teaching management module and the graduation project management module enables the students to fulfill their experiment process and graduation thesis under the help of their supervisors. Before students take an experiment in the lab, they must pass the pre-experiment quiz on the corresponding module. After the experiment, students need to submit the experiment report to the web server. Moreover, the module contains experiment process video recordings, which are very helpful to improve the effect of the experiment education. The management of the entire process of a student’s graduation program, including the project selection, mid-term inspection, progress report of every two weeks, final thesis, et al, is completed by the graduation project management module. The teaching quality feedback module is not only helpful for teachers to know whether the education effect of curriculum is good or not, but also helpful for the administrators of the college to know whether the design of syllabus is reasonable or not. The Management Information System changes the management object from the education results to the entire education processes. And it improves the efficiency of the management. It provides an effective method to promote curriculum construction management by supervision and evaluation, which improves students’ learning outcomes and the quality of curriculums. As a result, it promotes the quality system of education obviously.
Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy is one of physical methods used for chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements of water. The absorbances in ultraviolet band have a relationship to COD. However, turbidity in water could scatter emitting light and influence the absorbances. So it is very important to compensate for the impact of turbidity. In this study, the absorption spectra of standard COD solution (potassium acid phthalate), turbidity solution (Formazine) and their mixture are sampled in the wavelength range from 220 to 750 nm. The impacts of turbidity for COD measurement and compensation method are studied based on these data. The absorbance of mixture substract the absorbance of turbidity solution is less than the absorbance of standard COD solution. The result indicates that turbidity particles decrease the light absorption of organic molecules. Furthermore, we discover that the impact of turbidity is greater for the larger absorbance of the standard COD solution. Then attenuation coeffcient (AC()) is introduced and calculated based on exprimental results. In the process of turbidity compensation, the turbidity of solution is estimated using the absorbance of visible wavelength. The absorption spectra of the turbidity in the ultraviolet wavelength are simulated using normalization technique. The satisfactory prediction result of COD is achieved for the mixture after the turbidity compensation. In conclusion, the new turbidity compensation method could eliminate the influence of turbidity for COD measurements based on absorption spectroscopy.
In this talk, we are going to present our new try to set up National Optical Education Small Private Online Course (SPOC) system, which relates about 15 universities who has optical engineering education around China. The SPOC system is guided by the National Teaching Steering Committee, and is designed to enhance the sharing the best teaching and training resources in the advanced university to the other universities all over the China.
A novel electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) sensor has been developed
based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) combined with a two-electrode electrochemical
configuration. The theory of potential-modulated for EC-SPR was described, and several factors
which can induce the change of the SPR resonance angle were revealed. Comparing with the
conventional three-electrode electrochemical system, the reference electrode has been eliminated in
this design, and the active carbon (AC) electrode employed as the counter electrode. Due to the large
specific surface area, AC presents considerable double layer capacitance at the interface of electrode
and electrolyte, which can provide a constant potential during the electrochemical reactions. Using an
angle modulation SPR sensor and the resolution of that is 5x10-6 RIU (refractive index units), a
real-time data-smoothing algorithm is adopted to reduce the noise of the data, which can guarantee an
accurate result of the resonance angle of SPR. The EC-SPR setup was used for investigating the
electropolymerization of polyaniline by applying a potential of cyclic voltammetry, both of the
electrochemical current and the resonance angle shift of SPR are recorded to monitor the growth
process of the polymer. Comparing with the three-electrode configuration, the novel AC
two-electrode system can also obtain detailed information about the polymerization process from the
resonance angle shift curves, including the change of thickness and dielectric constant, deposition and
transitions between different redox states of the polymer film. Experimental results demonstrated that
this two-electrode EC-SPR configuration is suitable for analyzing the electropolymerization process
of a conducting polymer.
The history and the development of the high education in the field of optical engineering in the area of East China will be presented in the paper. The overall situation of research and human resource training in optics and photonics will also be reviewed, it shows that China needs lots of talents and experts in this field to support the world optical industry in East China.
Methods to improve the performance of the surface plasmon resonance array sensor at ambient temperature are studied. A self-reference channel was used to eliminate the long-term drift caused both by the temperature and the light source. The Hilbert–Huang transform-based signal post-processing algorithm was employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce high-frequency noise. Finally, an adaptive moving-average method was adopted to reduce noise while preserving important high-frequency signal characteristics. A combination of these methods decreased the baseline noise to 3.6×10 −6 refractive index unit. Acceptable repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviation 2.20% (n=8 ). The limit of detection of NaCl was measured at 69 mg/L .
A novel detection and analysis platform which is based on two-electrode electrochemical voltammetry system has been developed for multi-parameter measurement of drinking water. There are three unit in this platform, multi-sensor unit, hardware system unit and control and processing software unit. After choosing detection objects on computer, the control and processing software unit can control the hardware system unit apply corresponding potential on appropriate working electrode automatically. Currents can be collected on counter electrode and sent to computer for data processing. The multi-sensor unit contains Ag, Pt, Au, etc. noble metal electrodes as working electrodes and a large area ringlike stainless steel was as counter electrode. Comparing with conventional three-electrode voltammetry system, reference electrode has been eliminated in this platform by mechanical improvement of sensor array. This platform has been employed on detection of two common parameters in drinking water, electric conductivity (EC) and concentrations of heavy metal ions. In EC measurement, bipolar pulse with high frequency has been applied on Pt working electrode. In heavy metal ion of lead detection, staircase wave stripping voltammetry was applied on Ag working electrode. This detection platform owns high mechanical strength sensor, low maintenance requirements and easy to use, it could be used for drinking water quality monitoring in laboratory or industry locale.
Based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) polarization control theory, a prism polarization control method is proposed. The method works by suppressing the light reflected from the bare prism used for high-throughput SPR array sensors. The contrast of SPR imaging sensors can be enhanced while maintaining high sensitivity. The effects of the proposed method on sensor performance, which is attributable to parameters such as incident angle, wavelength, polarizer angle, and gold film thickness, are analyzed to determine the best set of parameters. The effects of parameter errors on the SPR curve are also simulated and compared with those of the gold film polarization control method. Finally, an experiment is set up to validate the theoretical analysis and provide a solid foundation for the design of a high-sensitivity SPR imaging sensor.
The principle of SPR biosensor is presented at the beginning of this paper. Then both direct assay for macromolecules and indirect assay (inhibition assay) for small molecules are introduced, which allow for high sensitive SPR detection of these two kinds of molecules. By combining some peripheral components including flow cell, multiposition valve, constant flowrate syringe pump and so on, a SPR biosensor system with an integrated miniature SPR sensor was designed and produced. Solutions of different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were detected by making use of this system with the method of direct assay and a sensorgram of SPR resonance angle about different concentrations of BSA antibodies was generated. A calibration curve of BSA antibodies was also obtained. Solutions of different concentrations of estradiols were detected using inhibition assay. According to SPR resonance angle shift (ΔRU) corresponding to different concentrations of estradiols, a calibration curve was generated and the result was satisfying. For the sample of unknown concentration, once the resonance angle shift (ΔRU) is detected, the concentration can be calculated from the calibration curve.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Optical coherence tomography, Control systems design, Electronic filtering, Modulators, Optical design, Single mode fibers, Optical filters, Data acquisition, Signal detection
This thesis analyzes the principle of single-mode fiber OCT system and its control signal. Then it puts forward a design thought which it integrates various signals into the embedded OCT control system. These signals include galvanometer driving signals for rapid scanning optical delay line (RSOD), high-frequency sawtooth signals for Phase Modulator, control signals for electronic control displacement platform and amplifying and filtering circuit of scanning signals. Then we design and construct an embedded OCT integrated control system which uses ARM9 processor S3C2410A as the core. The system is integrated with many wave generating circuits, driving circuit for electric control displacement platform and amplifying& filtering circuit of feedback signals. The system discards the separated OCT system structure which is made up of many general instruments and has a high cost. The result is satisfactory. Besides, we introduce embedded Linux operating system into the system. As a result, the whole system has such features as low development and production cost, excellent extensibility and strong real time control function. Experimental results show that various control signals generated by our system meet the design demand and can be applied to practical OCT system.
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