This paper presents the results of a conceptual study of an Earth observation system. The new system represents a technical breakthrough in larger telescope aperture, which is necessary to improve spatial resolution. The system makes it possible to improve temporal resolution while maintaining a practical spatial resolution. The observation system was designed to have a latency of 30 minutes from the observation request until data delivery. The mission study emphasized the system's need to immediately assess the situation when a natural disaster occurs and thus reduce human suffering. Due to the required spatial resolution, the optical system needed to have a 3.6 m aperture. A synthetic aperture optical sensor with a segmented primary mirror was investigated and adopted. The segmented-mirror optical system was the most technically challenging and was investigated using a full-scale one-segment prototype to evaluate the feasibility and identify technical risks. This paper presents the tentative design of the sensor and satellite system and reports on the technical demonstration and the proposed geostationary observation system.
In geostationary Earth observation satellite system with high-resolution optical system under conceptual study phase developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), one of its main products for users is a video with one fps captured by the telescope and the optical sensor; however, there have been few examples of satellite video with high-rate fps, especially in geostationary satellite. A satellite video has instability of the video sequences caused by an undesired disturbance of the satellite. In this study, we propose the video stabilization method corresponding to various satellite imagery characteristics, using feature point matching and bundle adjustment with eliminating outliers by using RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC). Moreover, we adopt a polynomial approximation to smooth global motions of all video frames. We demonstrate the video stabilization using the experimental video captured by the helicopter. Moreover, the performance test result shows that the proposed method can stabilize the satellite video less than one pixel accuracy. In addition, we discuss various issues specific to a satellite imagery, for example, moving cloud.
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