We report a notch-shaped coplanar microwave waveguide antenna on a glass plate designed for on-chip detection of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs). A lithographically patterned thin wire at the center of the notch area in the coplanar waveguide realizes a millimeter-scale ODMR detection area (1.5 × 2.0 mm^2) and gigahertz-broadband characteristics with low reflection (∼8%). The ODMR signal intensity in the detection area is quantitatively predictable by numerical simulation. Using this chip device, we demonstrate a uniform ODMR signal intensity over the detection area for cells, tissue, and worms.
Real-time temperature monitoring inside living organisms provides a direct measure of their biological activities, such as homeostatic thermoregulation and energy metabolism. Here, using quantum nanothermometers based on optically accessible electron spins of nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, we demonstrate in vivo real-time temperature monitoring inside nematode worms. We developed a thermometry system that can measure the temperatures of mobile nanodiamonds inside the worms with a precision of ± 0.22 oC. Using this system, we determined the increase in temperature based on the thermogenic responses of the worms during the chemical stimuli of mitochondrial uncouplers.
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