Dealing with the increase in data workloads and network complexity requires efficient selective manipulation of any channels in hybrid mode-/wavelength-division multiplexing (MDM/WDM) systems. A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) using special modal field redistribution is proposed and demonstrated to enable the selective access of any mode-/wavelength-channels. With the assistance of the subwavelength grating structures, the launched modes are redistributed to be the supermodes localized at different regions of the multimode bus waveguide. Microring resonators are placed at the corresponding side of the bus waveguide to have specific evanescent coupling of the redistributed supermodes, so that any mode-/wavelength-channel can be added/dropped by thermally tuning the resonant wavelength. As an example, a ROADM for the case with three mode-channels is designed with low excess losses of <0.6, 0.7, and 1.3 dB as well as low cross talks of < − 26.3, −28.5, and −39.3 dB for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes, respectively, around the central wavelength of 1550 nm. The data transmission of 30 Gbps / channel is also demonstrated successfully. The present ROADM provides a promising route for data switching/routing in hybrid MDM/WDM systems.
We demonstrate microring lasers based on Si3N4 optical waveguides cladded with MAPbBr3 quantum dots composite film. Si3N4 microrings are designed and fabricated with electron beam (E-beam) lithography and inductively-coupled plasma reactive-ion-etching followed by spin coating a MAPbBr3 quantum dots composite film on them. We clearly observe the lasing modes with narrow linewidths for both TE- and TM-polarization modes when the microrings are optically pumped with a nanosecond laser. The experimental results show that the laser has a typical linewidth of 0.23 nm and a minimum pump power of 8.46 μJ/cm2.
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