A Jones matrix model of biological fluids dehydrated films (facies) optical anisotropy is proposed. The relationships between the blood facies phase (birefringence) anisotropy parameters and the Jones matrix elements real and imaginary components are determined. The experimental testing results of the blood facies polarization matrix thesiography polycrystalline architectonics method with linear and circular birefringence coordinate distributions reproduction are presented. Integral blood facies phase anisotropy maps are presented. Scenarios changes of 1st - 4th orders central statistical moments, which characterize blood facies phase anisotropy maps are determined and physically analysed. The results of the Jones matrix thesiography method clinical testing is presented. Very good and balanced accuracy level has been achieved in the temporal differentiation of the long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone COVID-19. The prospects for further research using an integrated approach based on polarization analysis of laser-induced auto fluorescent images of supramolecular networks of blood facies are indicated.
A short theory of the processes of formation of the laser speckle fields polarization structure of biological tissues with optically anisotropic architectonics is presented. A method of polarization interference mapping of speckle fields with layerby-layer phase scanning of holographically reconstructed distributions of complex amplitudes of biological preparations of various morphological structures and physiological states has been proposed and experimentally tested - biopsies of the thyroid gland and blood films of rats with different severity of sepsis. Layer-by-layer maps of polarization ellipticity of native histological sections of thyroid biopsies from donors and sick patients were studied. As part of the statistical analysis of phase coordinate distributions of polarization ellipticity, objective markers for the differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology were found - nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary cancer. Very good (~90%) and excellent (≥90%) accuracy of differential diagnosis was achieved. Statistical markers for temporal monitoring of septic changes in polarization azimuth maps of polycrystalline blood films of rats were found. An example of further research using laser-induced autofluorescence polarimetry methods is presented.
A Mueller matrix model of biological tissues optical anisotropy is proposed. The relationships between the histological sections phase (birefringence) anisotropy parameters and polarization maps are determined. The experimental results of the brain and liver native histological sections polarization mapping of those who died with different durations of blunt mechanical trauma are presented. As part of the statistical analysis of the set of native samples digital microscopic images ellipticity coordinate distributions. The main time scenarios for changes in the biological tissues optically anisotropic architectonics polarization map’s topographic structure were determined. On this basis, a polarization method has been proposed for determining the duration of blunt mechanical trauma. The possibility of detecting, using statistical polarization markers, the duration of a mechanical injury for 18 hours with an accuracy of 45 to 60 minutes has been demonstrated. Prospects for further research using laser-induced autofluorescence polarimetry methods that are more sensitive at the molecular level are presented.
The theoretical principles of the Mueller matrix reconstruction of the parameters of optical anisotropy (linear and circular birefringence) of the myocardium polycrystalline myosin fibrillar networks architectonics are considered. The main signs of polarization manifestations of pathological transformations of the spatially structured myosin fibrils networks have been determined. The found tomography algorithms were used to process the results of myocardium native histological sections Mueller matrix mapping of those who died with long-term consequences of COVID 19. As part of the statistical analysis of the obtained native histological sections myosin fibrillar networks maps of linear and circular birefringence the most sensitive markers (asymmetry and kurtosis) to pathological changes in the myocardium. On this basis, differential diagnosis with excellent (>95%) balanced accuracy of long-term consequences of COVID 19 has been implemented. Further promising areas of research using the principles of laser-induced autofluorescence polarimetry of biological tissues are indicated.
SignificanceThe interference-holographic method of phase scanning of fields of scattered laser radiation is proposed. The effectiveness of this method for the selection of variously dispersed components is demonstrated. This method made it possible to obtain polarization maps of biological tissues at a high level of depolarized background. The scale-selective analysis of such maps was used to determine necrotic changes in the optically anisotropic architectonics of biological tissues.ObjectiveDevelopment and experimental approbation of layered phase polarimetry of repeatedly scattered fields in diffuse layers of biological tissues. Application of scale-selective processing of the found coordinate distributions of polarization states in various phase sections of object fields. Determination of criteria (markers) for histological differential diagnosis of the causes of necrotic changes in optical anisotropy of biological tissues.ApproachWe used a synthesis of three instrumental and analytical methods. Polarization-interference registration of laser radiation scattered by a sample of biological tissue. Digital holographic reconstruction and layered phase scanning of distributions of complex amplitudes of the object field. Analytical determination of polarization maps of various phase cross-sections of repeatedly scattered radiation. Application of wavelet analysis of the distributions of polarization states in the phase plane of a single scattered component of an object field. Determination of criteria (markers) for differential diagnosis of necrotic changes in biological tissues with different morphological structure. Two cases are considered. The first case is the myocardium of those who died as a result of coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency. The second case is lung tissue samples of deceased with bronchial asthma and fibrosis.ResultsA method of polarization-interference mapping of diffuse object fields of biological tissues has been developed and experimentally implemented. With the help of digital holographic reconstruction of the distributions of complex amplitudes, polarization maps in various phase sections of a diffuse object field are found. The wavelet analysis of azimuth and ellipticity distributions of polarization in the phase plane of a single scattered component of laser radiation is used. Scenarios for changing the amplitude of the wavelet coefficients for different scales of the scanning salt-like MHAT function are determined. Statistical moments of the first to fourth orders are determined for the distributions of the amplitudes of the wavelet coefficients of the azimuth maps and the ellipticity of polarization. As a result, diagnostic markers of necrotic changes in the myocardium and lung tissue were determined. The statistical criteria found are the basis for determining the accuracy of their differential diagnosis of various necrotic states of biological tissues.ConclusionsNecrotic changes caused by “coronary artery disease–acute coronary insufficiency” and “asthma–pulmonary fibrosis” were demonstrated by the method of wavelet differentiation with polarization interference with excellent accuracy.
Optical methods for diagnosing various polycrystalline objects (layers of solid and soft matter) and visualizing their structure occupy a prominent place due to their high informativeness and the possibility of multifunctional (photometric, spectral, polarimetric, and correlation) monitoring of the investigated environment. However, there is currently no unified methodological approach to diagnose such structures. In studies of solid matter layers, methods of speckle optics, Fourier optics, correlation optics, and other branches of classical optics prevail. The main fundamental directions of such research are the results of theoretical and experimental studies of photon transport in soft matter layers, specifically biological tissues. Polarimetric research has formed a separate direction in the field of optical studies of biological tissues. The analysis of the polarization characteristics of scattered radiation allows obtaining qualitatively new results about the morphological and physiological state of biological tissues, including cataracts of the lens, glucose concentration in tissues of diabetic patients, and malignant changes.
This paper describes some historical moments of Correlation Optics Conference, since 1991, the first conference which was organized in Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine. It was remembered the first persons, participants of the conference, noted interesting details of Correlation Optics organization, peculiarities of formation of the scientific groups due Correlation optics cooperation and its influence on the development of optics in Ukraine. Some outstanding technical results were presented, noted interesting facts that cover optical correlation diagnostics, interferometry and microscopy of rough surfaces, new applications of correlation optics in biology and medicine, nanooptics.
This study examines a model for analyzing the behavior of carbon nanoparticles in speckle field under the influence of optical forces. As a result of computer modeling, optical parameters of carbon nanoparticles were calculated, which made it possible to assess the optical forces (gradient, absorbing and scattering components) acting from internal energy flows in the optical field on carbon nanoparticles. The influence of size of carbon nanoparticles on the ratio of components of optical force is analyzed. Conditions are defined when the amount of gradient force will be significant, which will set the spatial movement of carbon nanoparticles in the area of the minimum, in particular in singular points.
This study proposes a new approach for correlation-optical diagnostics of a complex optical field created by light scattering on a rough surface. The possibility of using fluorescent nanoparticles of a size of about 30-120 nm for diagnosing the distribution of optical flows in the speckle field has been analyzed. A model experiment for investigation motion of carbon nanoparticles in a speckle field is demonstrated. Under the influence of gradient optical forces, carbon nanoparticles move in an optical field and are captured by the singularities of the field. The change of particle position in time in a three-dimensional field due to the action of longitudinal and transverse component of optical force is demonstrated.
This paper offers some of the achievements of modern optical metrology. The basic approach of metrology from the nano to the pico level optical measurements is considered in this paper. Control of nano (micro) particle motion by an optical field and their using for testing complex optical fields is presented, as a general concepts of optical field metrology. Optical metrology, which is provided by three-dimensional polarization distributions of optical fields, where structured light plays a special role; by using femtosecond lasers, and much more, demonstrates the prospects of optical methods in modern measuring systems.
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