Lidars have a wide range of applications in military detection and civilian remote sensing. Coherent Dual-Frequency Lidar (CDFL) is a new concept of laser radar that is using electrical coherence instead of optical coherence. It uses laser with two coherent frequency components as transmitting wave. The method is based on the use of an optically-carried radio frequency (RF) signal, which is the frequency difference between the two components, which is specially designed for distance and speed measurements. It not only ensures the system has the characteristics of high spatial resolution, high ranging and velocity precision of laser radar, but also can use mature signal processing technology of microwave radar, and it is a research direction that attracts more concern in recent years.
A CDFL detection system is constructed and field experiment is carried out. In the system, a narrow linewidth fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064nm is adopted. The dual-frequency laser with frequency difference of 200MHz and 200.6MHz is obtained by acousto-optic frequency shift and recombination. The maximum output power of dual frequency laser is 200mW. The receiver consists of all-fiber balanced InGaAs photo-detector and homemade analog signal processing board. The experimental results show that the distance resolution and velocity resolution of the system are 0.1m and 0.1m/s separately when the working distance is greater than 200m, and the spatial resolution is 0.5mrad.
Micro-Doppler effect, which is induced by micro motion of target or any structure on the target, is a frequency modulation that generates sidebands about the target’s Doppler frequency shift, such as mechanical vibration or rotation.
When a target’s motions incorporate micro motions, the radar echo signal will contain micro-Doppler characteristics related to these motions. Therefore, the micro-Doppler effect provides a new approach to obtain the dynamic properties of targets, which can be used to accomplish the detection and identification of targets, such as the identification of different types of helicopters.
Scattering of the laser spot from a target surface modulates the Doppler signal, causes broadening of the signal spectrum, and, adds uncertainty to the signature analysis. A mathematic model of cone spin, which is a typical micro motion, is built first in this paper. Furthermore, an analyzed equation is deduced to predict the micro-Doppler spectral broadening of acquired medium current signals in situations of different laser spot size. It is found that the beam spot size on the target affects the resulting spectral broadening.
Finally, an experiment based on the scaled model is performed to verify the simulation. A narrow-linewidth single frequency fiber laser is employed to detect the cone target at different laser spot size by coherent detection with constant detect distance and laser power.
The experimental result shows that the beam spot size on the target affects the resulting spectral broadening caused by speckle, which corresponds to the simulation result. The experimental broadening was consistently greater than the theoretical broadening due to other effects that also contribute to the total broadening.
KEYWORDS: Video, Video processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Digital signal processing, Laser processing, Target detection, Laser systems engineering, Charge-coupled devices, Image processing, Imaging systems
In modern warfare, well-equipped and trained snipers have become a mortal malady for the combat troops. How to accurately, timely and quickly find and destroy snipers becomes a research focus of national military experts. In order to effectively detect faint echo signal of cat-eye target and get the snipers’ position information in the detection area, a small size of dual-channel active laser detection system with monochrome and color Charge-couple Devices(CCD) is designed, which is based on the laser imaging principle of cat-eye effect, associated tests are also conducted. The dual-channel video capture can obtain more information of target area, while taking advantage of the high sensitivity of monochrome CCD will also provide more accurate grayscale information for the video image processing. In order to achieve the miniaturization of system, we choose a video processing board whose size is only 54mm*90mm as hardware platform to complete the algorithm. For verifying the feasibility and accuracy of algorithm, we ultimately build a full set of experimental detection system. The test results show that the system can accurately detect and mark typical cat-eye target from background under different distances, which verifies the rationality and validity of the proposed system and has certain practicality and promotion in the active laser detection system research areas.
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