Laser shock peening without protective coating leads to mechanical and thermal loads of materials, resulting in surface melting and re-solidification. In this paper, the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) with and without protective coating on the surface behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy was studied. Study on surface mechanical property of magnesium alloy by different LSP process parameters. The effects of different LSP parameters on the surface properties of the sample were studied by microhardness test, phase analysis, et al. The results show that the increase of laser power density, the surface hardness of the sample increases. Compared with the LSP with protective coating, the LSP without protective coating increases the surface roughness. And resulting microstructure and residual stress state were studied, After LSP treatment, diffraction peaks shift to high angle direction, resulting in residual compressive stress on the surface of the material.
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