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Simulations of satellite downlinks have previously shown adaptive optics (AO) can enable daytime satellite QKD by allowing strong spatial filtering of sky noise while preserving the quantum signal. In the downlink scenario, the light from the satellite beacon samples the same atmospheric path as the QKD photons. In an uplink scenario however, the satellite changes position after launching the beacon light and the QKD photons are directed upward through a different atmospheric path in order to intercept the satellite at its new location. As a consequence, the quantum channel and beacon channel deviate from one another by more than 50 urad in angle for a LEO engagement. This angular separation exceeds the isoplanatic angle by several multiples. Yet, this simulation suggests that AO in this scenario will still provide sufficient wavefront compensation to justify its inclusion in a QKD uplink.
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Michael D. Oliker, Mark T. Gruneisen, "How much value does adaptive optics add to a satellite QKD uplink?," Proc. SPIE 11167, Quantum Technologies and Quantum Information Science V, 1116706 (22 November 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2537962