The three-dimensional reconstruction of bronchopulmonary segments based on computed tomography (CT) is very critical in lesion, lung cancer localization and surgical resection. However, there is currently no fast and accurate method for three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary segments, and the process of labeling pulmonary segments needs to rely on other information such as bronchi and blood vessels, which will greatly consume the time and mental cost of doctors. In this paper, based on the principle of pulmonary segments division, we propose a two-stage fast pulmonary segments division method based on segmental bronchi. Specifically, for a CT image, we employ two well-trained nnUNet models in the first stage to accurately segment 5 lobes and 18 segmental bronchi, respectively. This is because each pulmonary segment should encompass its corresponding segmental bronchi, while lung lobe boundaries exhibit greater distinctiveness compared to those of pulmonary segments. In the second stage, we consider the distance from each pixel point to the segmental bronchi of various pulmonary segments in each lobe, and further divide each lobe to obtain the final 18 types of segments. Finally, we visually validated the rationality of the results by employing the principle of using pulmonary veins as demarcations for pulmonary segments.
The segmentation of pulmonary arteries and veins in computed tomography scans is crucial for the diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary diseases. This paper discusses the challenges in segmenting these vascular structures, such as the classification of terminal pulmonary vessels relying on information from distant root vessels, and the complex branches and crossings of arteriovenous vessels. To address these difficulties, we introduce a fully automatic segmentation method that utilizes multiple 3D residual U-blocks module, a semantic embedding module, and a semantic perception module. The 3D residual U-blocks module can extract multi-scale features under a high receptive field, the semantic embedding module embeds semantic information to aid the network in utilizing the anatomical characteristics of parallel pulmonary artery and bronchi, and the SPM perceives semantic information and decodes it into classification results for pulmonary arteries and veins. Our approach was evaluated on a dataset of 57 lung CT scans and demonstrated competitive performance compared to existing medical image segmentation models.
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