Ms. Grace Fishbein Profile

Grace Fishbein

at Toronto Metropolitan Univ

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Publications (2)

SPIE Journal Paper | 21 January 2022 Open Access

Effects of shell-integrated Sudan Black dye on the acoustic activity and ultrasound imaging properties of lipid-shelled nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents

Dana Wegierak, Grace Fishbein, Eric Abenojar, Al Christopher De Leon, Jinle Zhu, Yanjie Wang, Charlotte Ferworn, Agata Exner, Michael Kolios

JBO, Vol. 27, Issue 01, 016501, (January 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.27.1.016501

KEYWORDS: Niobium, Signal detection, Acoustics, Magnesium, Transducers, Nonlinear optics, Ultrasonography, Absorption, Transmission electron microscopy, Particles

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Significance: An effective contrast agent for concurrent multimodal photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging must have both high optical absorption and high echogenicity. Integrating a highly absorbing dye into the lipid shell of gas core nanobubbles (NBs) adds PA contrast to existing US contrast agents but may impact agent ultrasonic response. Aim: We report on the development and ultrasonic characterization of lipid-shell stabilized C3F8 NBs with integrated Sudan Black (SB) B dye in the shell as dual-modal PA-US contrast agents. Approach: Perfluoropropane NBs stabilized with a lipid shell including increasing concentrations of SB B dye were formulated by amalgamation (SBNBs). Physical properties of SBNBs were characterized using resonant mass measurement, transmission electron microscopy and pendant drop tensiometry. Concentrated bubble solutions were imaged for 8 min to assess signal decay. Diluted bubble solutions were stimulated by a focused transducer to determine the response of individual NBs to long cycle (30 cycle) US. For assessment of simultaneous multimodal contrast, bulk populations of SBNBs were imaged using a PA and US imaging platform. Results: We produced high agent yield (∼1011) with a mean diameter of ∼200 to 300 nm depending on SB loading. A 40% decrease in bubble yield was measured for solutions with 0.3 and 0.4 mg / ml SB. The addition of SB to the shell did not substantially affect NB size despite an increase in surface tension by up to 8 mN / m. The bubble decay rate increased after prolonged exposure (8 min) by dyed bubbles in comparison to their undyed counterparts (2.5-fold). SB in bubble shells increased gas exchange across the shell for long cycle US. PA imaging of these agents showed an increase in power (up to 10 dB) with increasing dye. Conclusions: We added PA contrast function to NBs. The addition of SB increased gas exchange across the NB shell. This has important implications in their use as multimodal agents.

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

Individual nanobubbles detection using acoustic based flow cytometry

Vaskar Gnyawali, Jun-Zhi Wang, Yanjie Wang, Grace Fishbein, Lianne H. So, Al Christopher De Leon, Eric Abenojar, Agata Exner, Scott Tsai, Michael Kolios

Proceedings Volume 10878, 108782E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510783

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, Ultrasonography, Backscatter, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Acoustics, Microfluidics, Flow cytometry, Transducers, Imaging systems, Ultrasonics, Nano contrast agents

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