Mr. Jeffrey D. Beck Profile

Jeffrey D. Beck

Retired

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (27)

Proceedings Article | 5 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

A small all-range LIDAR for topographic mapping from orbit and guidance during descent and touchdown

Xiaoli Sun, Daniel Cremons, Erwan Mazarico, David Smith, Mark Storm, Richard Utano, Jacob Hwang, Xung Dang, James Abshire, Jeff Beck

Proceedings Volume 13049, 1304905 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012734

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Receivers, Sensors, Avalanche photodetectors, Pulse signals, Optical amplifiers, Signal detection, Mercury cadmium telluride, Fiber lasers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 17 June 2019 Open Access

HgCdTe avalanche photodiode array detectors with single photon sensitivity and integrated detector cooler assemblies for space lidar applications

Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Michael Krainak, Wei Lu, Jeff Beck, William Sullivan, Pradip Mitra, Dick Rawlings, Renny Fields, David Hinkley, Bradley Hirasuna

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 06, 067103, (June 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.6.067103

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Microlens array, Avalanche photodiodes, Single photon, LIDAR, Pulsed laser operation, Cryocoolers, Photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications

Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Jean-Marie Lauenstein, William Sullivan, Jeff Beck, John Hubbs

Proceedings Volume 10624, 106240G (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304601

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Sensors, LIDAR, Annealing, Radiation effects, Avalanche photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Single photon HgCdTe avalanche photodiode and integrated detector cooler assemblies for space lidar applications

Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Michael Krainak, Wei Lu, Jeff Beck, William Sullivan, Pradip Mitra, Dick Rawlings, Renny Fields, David Hinkley, Bradley Hirasuna

Proceedings Volume 10659, 106590C (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305017

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Microlens array, Photon counting, LIDAR, Single photon

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 March 2017 Open Access

Comparison of flash lidar detector options

Paul McManamon, Paul Banks, Jeffrey Beck, Dale Fried, Andrew Huntington, Edward Watson

OE, Vol. 56, Issue 03, 031223, (March 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.56.3.031223

KEYWORDS: Indium gallium arsenide, Interference (communication), Imaging systems, Sensors, LIDAR, Cameras, Avalanche photodetectors, Reflectivity, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2016 Paper

A comparison flash lidar detector options

Paul McManamon, Paul Banks, Jeffrey Beck, Andrew Huntington, Edward Watson

Proceedings Volume 9832, 983202 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229068

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Indium gallium arsenide, LIDAR, Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Cameras, Reflectivity, Sun, Readout integrated circuits, Mercury cadmium telluride

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2016 Paper

Novel photon-counting detectors for free-space communication

M. Krainak, G. Yang, X. Sun, W. Lu, S. Merritt, J. Beck

Proceedings Volume 9739, 97390T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213190

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Data communications, Photon counting, Silicon, Photodetectors, Receivers, Avalanche photodiodes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Prototyping, Telecommunications, Avalanche photodetectors, Free space optical communications, Picosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2015 Paper

Linear mode photon counting from visible to MWIR with HgCdTe avalanche photodiode focal plane arrays

William Sullivan, Jeffrey Beck, Richard Scritchfield, Mark Skokan, Pradip Mitra, Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Darren Carpenter, Barry Lane

Proceedings Volume 9492, 94920T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180394

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Metals, Mercury cadmium telluride, Diodes, Staring arrays, Sensors, Photon counting, Signal to noise ratio, Avalanche photodetectors, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 May 2014 Paper

HgCdTe e-APD detector arrays with single photon sensitivity for space lidar applications

Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Jeffrey Beck

Proceedings Volume 9114, 91140K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053757

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, LIDAR, Signal to noise ratio, Quantum efficiency, Photon counting, Pulsed laser operation, Carbon dioxide

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SPIE Journal Paper | 29 April 2014

Update on linear mode photon counting with the HgCdTe linear mode avalanche photodiode

Jeffrey Beck, Michael Kinch, Xiaoli Sun

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 08, 081906, (April 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.8.081906

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Photon counting, Avalanche photodiodes, Diffusion, Mid-IR, Ionization, Data modeling, Floods, Sun

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SPIE Journal Paper | 25 April 2014

Linear mode photon counting with the noiseless gain HgCdTe e-avalanche photodiode

Jeffrey Beck, Richard Scritchfield, Pradip Mitra, William Sullivan, Anthony Gleckler, Robert Strittmatter, Robert Martin

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 08, 081905, (April 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.8.081905

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Photon counting, Signal to noise ratio, Analog electronics, Staring arrays, Single photon, Mid-IR, Capacitance

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2013 Paper

A highly sensitive multi-element HgCdTe e-APD detector for IPDA lidar applications

Jeff Beck, James McCurdy, Mark Skokan, Chris Kamilar, Richard Scritchfield, Terry Welch, Pradip Mitra, Xiaoli Sun, James Abshire, Kirk Reiff

Proceedings Volume 8739, 87390V (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018083

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Mercury cadmium telluride, LIDAR, Amplifiers, Absorption, Detector arrays, Electronics, Carbon dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2011 Paper

Application of an end-to-end linear mode photon-counting (LMPC) model to noiseless-gain HgCdTe APDs

Anthony Gleckler, Robert Strittmatter, Aldo Apponi, Adam Wade, Jeff Beck, Richard Scritchfield, William Sullivan

Proceedings Volume 8033, 80330O (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.882994

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, Photon counting, Signal to noise ratio, Interference (communication), Amplifiers, Mercury cadmium telluride, Capacitance, Electrons, 3D modeling

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2011 Paper

Linear-mode photon counting with the noiseless gain HgCdTe e-APD

Jeffrey Beck, Richard Scritchfield, Pradip Mitra, William Sullivan, Anthony Gleckler, Robert Strittmatter, Robert Martin

Proceedings Volume 8033, 80330N (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886161

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Signal to noise ratio, Readout integrated circuits, Analog electronics, Single photon, Photon counting, Staring arrays, Mid-IR, Picosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2009 Paper

Performance and modeling of the MWIR HgCdTe electron avalanche photodiode

Jeffrey Beck, Richard Scritchfield, Billy Sullivan, Jamie Teherani, Chang-Feng Wan, Mike Kinch, Martha Ohlson, Mark Skokan, Lewis Wood, Pradip Mitra, Mike Goodwin, Jim Robinson

Proceedings Volume 7298, 729838 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819045

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Diodes, Diffusion, Mid-IR, Point spread functions, Capacitance, Mercury cadmium telluride, Performance modeling, Signal to noise ratio, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2007 Paper

Gated IR imaging with 128 × 128 HgCdTe electron avalanche photodiode FPA

Jeff Beck, Milton Woodall, Richard Scritchfield, Martha Ohlson, Lewis Wood, Pradip Mitra, Jim Robinson

Proceedings Volume 6542, 654217 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719358

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Sensors, Forward looking infrared, Imaging systems, Readout integrated circuits, Modulation transfer functions, Fiber optic illuminators, Mercury cadmium telluride, Mid-IR, Avalanche photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2006 Paper

SWIR hyperspectral detection with integrated HgCdTe detector and tunable MEMS filter

P. Mitra, J. Beck, M. Skokan, J. Robinson, J. Antoszewski, K. Winchester, A. Keating, T. Nguyen, K. K. M. B. D. Silva, C. Musca, J. Dell, L. Faraone

Proceedings Volume 6295, 62950G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.685469

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Mirrors, Optical filters, Tunable filters, Electronic filtering, Photoresistors, Silicon, Short wave infrared radiation, Microelectromechanical systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2005 Paper

MEMS based tunable infrared sensors

J. Antoszewski, K. Winchester, A. Keating, T. Nguyen, K. K. M. B. D. Silva, H. Huang, C. Musca, J. Dell, L. Faraone, P. Mitra, J. Beck, M. Skokan, J. Robinson

Proceedings Volume 5840, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.624884

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Microelectromechanical systems, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Optical filters, Short wave infrared radiation, Silicon, Photodiodes, Infrared sensors, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2005 Paper

A monolithically integrated HgCdTe SWIR photodetector and tunable MEMS-based optical filter

J. Antoszewski, K. Winchester, A. Keating, T. Nguyen, K. K. M. B. D. Silva, H. Huang, C. Musca, J. Dell, L. Faraone, P. Mitra, J. Beck, M. Skokan, J. Robinson

Proceedings Volume 5783, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603519

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Optical filters, Sensors, Microelectromechanical systems, Photoresistors, Short wave infrared radiation, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Infrared detectors, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 2004 Paper

The HgCdTe electron avalanche photodiode

Jeffrey Beck, Chang-Feng Wan, Michael Kinch, James Robinson, Pradip Mitra, Richard Scritchfield, Feng Ma, Joe Campbell

Proceedings Volume 5564, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565142

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Avalanche photodetectors, Mid-IR, Avalanche photodiodes, Short wave infrared radiation, Diodes, Ionization, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2004 Paper

Visible response of λc=2.5µm HgCdTe HDVIP detectors

Maryn Stapelbroek, Matthew Guptill, Arvind D'Souza, Elizabeth Bryan, J. Beck, M. Kinch, James Robinson

Proceedings Volume 5406, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.547185

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mercury, Visible radiation, Quantum efficiency, Cadmium, Tellurium, Mercury cadmium telluride, Diodes, Photons, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2004 Paper

Au- and Cu-doped HgCdTe HDVIP detectors

Arvind D'Souza, Maryn Stapelbroek, Elizabeth Bryan, J. Beck, M. Kinch, James Robinson

Proceedings Volume 5406, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.547189

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Photodiodes, Infrared sensors, Mid-IR, Diodes, Gold, Doping, Metals, Bismuth

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2003 Paper

HgCdTe HDVIP detectors and FPAs for strategic applications

Arvind D'Souza, Maryn Stapelbroek, E. Bryan, Alexander Vinson, Jeffrey Beck, Michael Kinch, Chang-Feng Wan, James Robinson

Proceedings Volume 5074, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487313

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Diodes, Diffusion, Mercury cadmium telluride, Temperature metrology, Mid-IR, Photodiodes, Staring arrays, Sensor performance, Information operations

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Detector characteristics of Cu- and Au-doped High Density Vertically Integrated Photodiode (HDVIP) detectors as well as Cu-doped HDVIP Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) are presented in this paper. Individual photodiodes in test bars were examined by measuring I-V curves and the associated resistance-area (RA) product as a function of temperature. The Au-doped MWIR [λ_c(78 K) = 5 μm] HDVIP detectors RoA performance was within a factor of two or three of theoretical. Noise as a function of frequency has been measured on Au-doped MWIR HgCdTe HDVIP diodes at several temperatures under dark and illuminated conditions. Low-frequency noise performance of the Au-doped MWIR diode in the various environments is characterized by the ratio α of the noise current spectral density at 1 Hz to the value of the diode current. For photocurrent at 140 K, α_PHOTO = 1.8 x 10^-5. The value of α_PHOTO is the same at both zero bias and 100 mV reverse bias. At 160 K, α_PHOTO is slightly lower but still in the low 10^-5 range. Excess low-frequency noise measured at 140 K and 100 mV reverse bias in the dark has α_DARK = 1.4 x 10^-5. At 160 K and 100 mV reverse bias, α_DARK is in the mid 10^-5 range. At 140 K,the dark current at 8.2 V reverse bias was equal to the photocurrent at 100 mV reverse bias and close to the photocurrent at zero bias. α_DARK = 1.85 x 10^-3 at -8.2 V. This ratio is two orders of magnitude greater than α_PHOTO. At 8.2 V reverse bias, the current was amplified by avalanche processes. Similar results were obtained on the Au-doped diode at 160 K. Diffusion current dominates dark current at 100 mV reverse bias at T = 185 K and T = 220 K. The ratio, α_DARK approximately α_PHOTO in the low to mid 10^-5 range, i.e. dark diffusion current generates excess low frequency noise in the same manner as photocurrent. In addition, 256 x 256 Cu-doped detector arrays were fabricated. Initial measurements had seven out of ten FPAs having operabilities greater than 99.45% with the best 256 x 256 array having only two inoperable pixels.

Proceedings Article | 12 November 2001 Paper

MWIR HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes

Jeffrey Beck, Chang-Feng Wan, Michael Kinch, James Robinson

Proceedings Volume 4454, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.448174

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Diodes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Mid-IR, Ionization, Measurement devices, Avalanche photodiodes, Performance modeling, Diffusion, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2001 Paper

Three-Dimensional Imaging Sensors program

Mark Browder, Bruno Evans, Jeffrey Beck, Michael Blessinger, Wolfram Blattner, Richard LeBlanc, Brian Miles

Proceedings Volume 4377, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.440127

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal processing, Avalanche photodetectors, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, LIDAR, Capacitors, 3D image processing, Signal detection, Performance modeling

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 1994 Paper

Electrical effects of subgrain boundaries, twins, dislocations, and Te precipitation on long-wavelength IR HgCdTe photodiode arrays

R. Scott List, John Tregilgas, Arthur Turner, Jeffrey Beck, John Ehmke

Proceedings Volume 2228, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.179667

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Long wavelength infrared, Photodiodes, Tellurium, Crystals, Annealing, Diodes, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 1994 Paper

Producibility of Vertically Integrated Photodiode (VIP)tm scanning focal plane arrays

Arthur Turner, Towfik Teherani, John Ehmke, Cindy Pettitt, Peggy Conlon, Jeffrey Beck, Kent McCormack, Luigi Colombo, Tom Lahutsky, Terry Murphy, Robert Williams

Proceedings Volume 2228, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.179664

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Photodiodes, Infrared radiation, Mercury cadmium telluride, Integrated circuits, Ions, Diodes, Epoxies, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers

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