Using soft lithography technology, the 2D photonic crystal superprism structures
with a triangle array of air holes on the polymer slab were designed, simulated and
fabricated successfully. The profile of the molded structures with 450nm in diameter
and 900nm in lattice constant was obtained and observed by SEM. By means of
optical experiment and measurement, when the input incident angle varied from 15°
to 11°, we observed the beam propagation angle change from positive to negative and
the superprism effect was demonstrated effectively at near-infrared wavelength
1550nm.
An analysis of superprism effect in low index contrast polymer photonic crystal is presented. It
shows extremely sensitivity to the wavelength and angle of the incident light due to the strong
anisotropy of photonic band structures. Two-dimensional (2-D) polymer photonic crystals with
triangular lattice structure were fabricated by soft lithography using elastomeric
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) templates. Dense two dimensional photonic crystal superprism
structures with feature sizes of 150-500nm and aspect ratios of up to 1.25 were successfully
replicated by soft lithography. Large field size and easy fabrication are two major advantages when
compared with other imprint technology. Atomic Force Microscopy images showed that the molded
structures had high fidelity to the masters. Such an effective, low cost, and high throughput soft
lithography technique could find wide use in making photonic crystal based nanostructures.
Photonic crystal based superprism offers a new way to design new optical components for beam steering and DWDM application. 3D photonic crystals are especially attractive as they could offer more control of the light beam based on the needs. A polygonal prism based holographic fabrication method has been demonstrated for a three-dimensional face-centered-cubic (FCC)-type submicron polymer photonic crystal using SU8 as the photo-sensitive material. Therefore antivibration equipment and complicated optical alignment system are not needed and the requirement for the coherence of the laser source is relaxed compared with the traditional holographic setup. By changing the top-cut prism structure, the polarization of the laser beam, the exposure and development conditions we can achieve different kinds of triclinic or orthorhombic photonic crystals on demand. Special fabrication treatments have been introduced to ensure the survivability of the fabricated large area (cm2) nano-structures. Scanning electron microscopy and diffraction results proved the good uniformity of the fabricated structures. With the proper design of the refraction prism we have achieved a partial bandgap for S+C band (1460-1565nm) in the [111] direction. The transmission and reflection spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are in good agreement with simulated band structure. The superprism effects around 1550nm wavelength for the fabricated 3D polymer photonic crystal have been theoretically calculated and such effects can be used for beam steering purpose.
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