The land resource in the mining area has been destroyed badly, therefore to establish a land reclamation information
system of mining area based on GIS is of great significance. However, mining land reclamation is a complex systemic
project, there are a lot of spatial data and spatial information during the whole reclamation procedure. The spatial
information database of land reclamation is a temporal one due to the change of the land resource within the coal mining
area. The damaged land is always above the corresponding underground working face of the mine, there are many pieces
of destroyed land in the mining area. A piece of reclaiming land area can be acted as one object, On the basis of the
analysis of the changing course of the land object in the subsidence region and the advantage of event-based spatio-temporal
data model, a spatio-temporal data model based on objects and events was proposed in this paper, this model
can be applied to administer land information in the mining area. Meanwhile, the spatial information query and the
analytic method were also studied in this paper. The advantage of this model is to connect surface event and underground
mining event which cause the land information change in the mining area.
The land resource in the mining area has been destroyed badly, therefore to establish a land reclamation information
system of mining area based on GIS is of great significance. The spatial information database of land reclamation is a
temporal one due to the change of the land resource within the coal mining area. On the basis of the analysis of the
characteristics of the land resource in the subsidence region and the advantage of Event-based and Feature-Based Spatio-temporal
Data Model, a spatio-temporal data model based on feature and time-varying sequence of events was proposed
in this paper, and this model can be used to manage the land information in the mining area. Meanwhile, the spatial
information query and the analytic method were also studied in this paper. The advantage of this model is to keep the
integrality of feature entity and to connect ground surface event and underground mining event which cause the land
information change in the mining area.
KEYWORDS: Augmented reality, 3D modeling, Cameras, Calibration, 3D displays, Visualization, Navigation systems, Video, Telecommunications, Global Positioning System
Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlay of virtual computer graphics images on real world objects, and has many potential applications in industrial operations and academic research. First, this paper discusses the method of camera calibration. ARToolKit provides two calibration approaches: Two Step Calibration Approach and One Step Calibration Approach. Two Step Calibration Approach is more difficult to use, but results in better accuracy (better for 3D measurement). We used ARToolKit's two step method to calibrate our camera. Next, the paper addresses the method of spatial analysis of augmented reality system, data model of spatial analysis, data modeling of 3D pipelines, and the mathematical model of coordinate conversion of 3D pipeline networks. Then, the paper discusses the data structures of underground pipelines. The data structures of underground pipelines include spatial data structure, attribute data structure, and sense data structure. We implemented the display of 3D pipelines in augmented reality, augmented visualization of 3D pipelines based on ARToolKit, information query and spatial buffer analysis of 3D pipelines. Finally, the paper discusses the framework of underground pipeline augmented reality system based on ARToolKit. A hybrid registration based on electronic compass and inclinometer, and a position based on RTK GPS and INS in outdoor AR system are presented. The hardware configuration and software framework of the system and data processing workflow of the combined system are given.
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