In this paper, a novel phase retrieval algorithm is presented which combines the advantages of the Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) method and the iteration method. TIE method is fast, but its precision is not high. Though the convergence rate of iteration method is slow, its result is more accurate. This algorithm consists of Iterative Angular Spectrum (IAS) method to utilize the physical constraints between the object and the spectral domain, and the relationship between the intensity and phase among the wave propagation. Firstly, the phase at the object plane is calculated from two intensity images by TIE. Then this result is treated as the initial phase of the IAS. Finally, the phase information at the object plane is acquired according the reversibility of the optical path. During the iteration process, the feedback mechanism is imposed on it that improve the convergence rate and the precision of phase retrieval and the simulation results are given.
In classical compressive holography (CH), which based on the Gabor holography setup, two nonlinear terms are inherent in the intensity recorded by a 2D detector arrays, the DC term and the squared field term. The DC term (the term at the origin) can be eliminated by filtering the Fourier transform of the interference irradiance measurements using appropriate high-pass filter near the zero frequency. The nonlinearity caused by the squared field term can be neglected and modeled as a error term in the measurement. However, the above assumptions are significantly limited, which yields the degradation of reconstruction quality. In this paper, an novel scheme using phase-shifting method is presented. To accurately recover the complex optical field caused by the propagation of the object, without the influence of the DC term and the squared field term, a very effective method for removing these two terms is introduced. The complex optical field of the 3D object and the complex optical field at the detector plane can be precisely represented by a linear mapping model. The complex optical field at the recorder plane is obtained by phase-shifting interferometry with multiple shots. Then, the corresponded complex optical field at the detector plane can be successfully extracted from multiple captured holograms using conventional four phase-shifting interferometry. From such complex optical field at the record plane, including the amplitude and phase information, the complex optical field of the 3D object can be reconstructed via an optimization procedure. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Meta-surface offers an innovative approach to manipulate light with anomalous capabilities. We discuss the possibility of inserting a specially designed gradient meta-surface into the pixel architecture of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for the purpose of optimizing the diffraction efficiency of LCOS-based holography. The pixels in LCOS with feature size approaching the order of visible light wavelength could provide large diffraction angle, unfortunately, scaling down the pixel size would reduce the efficiency of the first diffraction we desired. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure served as the unit cell of meta-surface consists of three layer, i.e., the subwavelength metal nanobrick with varying geometrical parameter and the continuous metal film separated by the insulator layer. A linear phase gradient is exhibited by the unit cells in each pixel period. When illuminated by a polarized incident light, the MIM structure, where a magnetic resonance is created at a particular frequency, can offer an anomalous reflection with high-efficiency and acts as a flat blazed grating. Finally, the light are supposed be diverted to the desired first diffraction. The properties of potential metal, such as Au, Ag, and Al, served as the plasmonic material and suitable insulator have been studied to configure the MIM structure accurately. Investigations are numerically carried out to observe the effects on the distribution of liquid crystal director with TechWiz Software and to obtain the relative diffraction efficiency by using FDTD software. Compared with the conventional LCOS device, the optimization of the diffraction efficiency has been achieved by our proposed structure.
In the design and development of Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), one can predict possible problems and propose
according solutions with calculating the director and optical characteristics of the liquid crystal. The optical property of
LCoS is calculated with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD) in this paper. The diffraction characteristics
are exactly analyzed with incident plane wave and the computational space terminations are provided by a combination
of the perfectly matched layer (PML) and periodic boundary conditions (PBC). The influences on optical properties of
LCoS with different interpixel gap, pretilt angle and thickness are studied. The result shows that diffraction efficiency is
greatly affected by the thickness of cell. It’s significant and offer reference for the design and manufacture of LCoS.
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