Prof. Kristy Townsend Profile

Prof. Kristy Townsend

at Univ of Maine

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2020 Paper

Wavelet-based characterization of the spatial relationship of nerve and collagen in neuropathic adipose tissue

Mitchell Harling, Jeremy Juybari, Cory Johnson, Kristy Townsend, Andre Khalil, Karissa Tilbury

Proceedings Volume 11245, 112450R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546918

KEYWORDS: Collagen, Nerve, Tissues, Anisotropy, Wavelet transforms, Second-harmonic generation, Lymphatic system, Harmonic generation, Nervous system

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Obesity and diabetes often lead to peripheral neuropathy. Damage and axonal die-back of the peripheral nervous system constitutes peripheral neuropathy. By 2030, half of the US adult population is projected to be obese, and type 2 diabetes mellitus is most commonly caused by obesity. As incidences of obesity and diabetes increase, the adverse effects of neuropathy will also increase. Neuropathy, previously thought to only affect skin layers of distal extremities, has recently been discovered in subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Obese adipose tissue is fibrotic, resulting in excess collagen deposition. Collagen organizes the peripheral nervous system, but its interaction with adipose nerves has not been thoroughly investigated. Using 2-photon microscopy combined with second harmonic generation microscopy, we examined the spatial relationship between collagen and nerve in the adipose microenvironment to gain a better understanding of neuropathy pathways and mechanisms. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis suggests that an obese diet leads to greater colocalization between nerve and collagen in adipose tissue than a lean diet. These findings motivate further investigation as the Pearson Correlation Coefficient is restrictively optimized for structures that are overlapped, whereas nerves may simply be wrapped with or tightly associated with collagen. Here we present an adaptation of the multiscale 2D Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method to reveal different anisotropic signatures across adiposeresiding nerve and collagen fibers in tissues from mice fed obese and lean diets, respectively. Based on these promising preliminary results, additional development of multiscale wavelet-based techniques will offer insight into neuropathy through thorough investigation of nerve and collagen spatial relationships.

Proceedings Article | 22 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

Exploratory investigation of the spatial relationships of collagen and nerves in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) using 2-photon microscopy

Patrick Breeding, Magdalena Blaszkiewicz, Kristy Townsend, Andre Khalil, Karissa Tilbury

Proceedings Volume 10882, 1088218 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510753

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Collagen, Nerve, Microscopy, Second-harmonic generation, Imaging systems, Image analysis, Biomedical optics, Astrophysics, Skin

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In obesity, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is often marked by reduced adipogenesis, hypoxia, adipocyte hypertrophy, and impaired lipolysis, all of which contribute to overall metabolic dysfunction. The role of the peripheral nervous system is appreciated in the control of WAT lipolysis; sympathetic denervation in WAT blocks lipolysis to a variety of lipolytic stimuli. Yet, we believe additional processes and work is needed to more fully understand adipose hypertrophy. Obese adipose tissue is fibrotic with excess deposition of collagen, yet there is limited work demonstrating the impact of fibrosis on overall tissues structure and peripheral nerves of the scWAT. Here we present a multiphoton approach to image both the peripheral nerves labeled with Alexa 488 and collagen via Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging to investigate the impact of obesity and related fibrosis. The degree of colocalization between the nerve and collagen tissues was examined using both the Pearson’s coefficient and a recently adapted astrophysics technique, the Metric Space Technique (MST). In preliminary findings, both colocalization approaches demonstrated an increase colocalization of nerve and collagen in the aged and obese mice. The MST technique has multiple output functions that are used to examine morphological features such as structure of the nerve/collagen network as well as the circularity of these structures. Both colocalization techniques showed different in the obese mice and indicated a more diffuse circular nerve/collagen network. Collectively, these metrics provide important quantification of the nerve/collagen interaction and the role of the peripheral nervous function in maintaining appropriate adipose function.

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