We compared different on-chip silicon waveguide based absorption sensors for the detection of xylene in water in nearinfrared with detection limit down to 1ppb. Strip waveguide, slot waveguide and PC-based chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy devices are compared in near-infrared. PCW utilizes slow light effect to enhance absorbance and is most sensitive while slot waveguide strengthens light-matter interaction in a narrow low index slot by a factor up to 10 and performs better than a strip waveguide. The results provide a route for enhanced sensitivity via absorption spectroscopy while retaining device miniaturization.
In this paper, we present the design guidelines, fabrication challenges and device evaluation results of a surface-normal
photonic crystal waveguide array for high-density optical interconnects. We utilize the slow light effect of photonic
crystals to increase the effective interaction length between photons and medium, which in turn can be used to decrease
the physical length and make compact devices. The effect of the structural parameters variations on the guided mode are
studied in order to provide a guideline for fabrication. Photonic crystal waveguides are vertically implemented in a
silicon-on insulator substrate. Our structure possesses advantages such as universal design, CMOS compatibility, and
simple fabrication process, suitable for high dense on-chip applications. Transmission results show increase of power
near 1.67 μm wavelength, which agrees with our simulation results.
We report a four-channel on-chip true-time-delay (TTD) module based on a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) array.
By minimizing the coupling loss with a photonic crystal taper (PC taper), the delay lines with 1–3mm long PCWs can
operate up to a group index ng~23 without significant loss. The large group velocity dispersion enables continuous and
wavelength-tunable time delays. Measurements show a highly linear phase-frequency relation, highest time delay up to
216.7 ps, and large tuning ranges of 58.28 ps, 115.74 ps, and 194.16 ps for 1–3mm delay lines, respectively. The
chip-scale TTD module can provide ±44.38° steering for an X-band phased array antenna (PAA), but occupies only 0.18 mm2 area.
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