Based on NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data and precipitation data, the circulation background of the extremely
heavy rain causing severe floods in Huaihe River valley (HHRV) in 2003 and its relationships to the apparent heating
were analyzed. The results showed that the El Nino events with middling intensity during 2002~2003 was the previous
background of this extremely heavy rain. The abnormal apparent heating source (Q1) and vapor sink (Q2) may be
one of the important causes for subtropical high maintaining southward than usual. Compared with summer in 2003, the
positive abnormal (Q1) and (Q2) were located to the HHRV during June 21~July 22. The centers of high value bands of (Q1) and (Q2) were in agreement with those of rainfall. But the negative abnormal (Q1) and (Q2) were situated in South China and most of South China Sea areas. The abnormal heating source over the Bay of Bengal
forced an abnormal anticyclonic circulation over its northwest high level leading to the South Asian High enhancing and
maintaining over the Tibetan Plateau, the south of Yangtze River valley and South China, so HHRV areas just located
the updraft areas which was in the south of the high-level jet, making for heavy rain and severe floods.
Based on NCAR/NCEP daily reanalysis, a study is performed of the circulation background for the South-China
torrential rains leading to flash floods in June 2005 with the possible causes explored. Results show that a weak El Nino
episode in 2004-2005 is the climate background of the flooding. Compared to the situation of the summer 2005, the
apparent heat source
(Q1) and the apparent vapor sink (Q2) are anomalously intense in the rainy period June 17~26 over the study region, with their high-value belts resembling the rainfall distribution and their centers roughly coincident
with the rainfall cores. The anomalous heating source from the eastern coast of the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal
excites a high-level abnormal anticyclone to the northwest, making the south-Asian high intensified and westward of
normal, during which China mainland is under the effect of an anomalous cyclonic circulation that keeps the south-Asian
high from northward displacement, allowing it to stay in the south of the Tibetan plateau - South China, a situation that
South China is situated in the rising area on the south side of upper-air westerly jets, making for the occurrence and
maintenance of the intense rains, resulting in extensive flooding.
The effect of cirrus cloud on radiative transfer depends on its microphysical properties. The water content and number
concentrations of ice particles in tropical anvil cirrus measured during the ACTIVE (Aerosol and Chemical Transport in
Tropical Convection) field campaign (from November 2005 to February 2006 in Darwin area, Australia) are analyzed.
Some advanced particle probes are utilized during this campaign, including Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) and Cloud
Particle Imager (CPI).
A statistical analysis of the fifteen cases (only the slow phase of anvil cirrus with the height ranging from 9.7 to 14.9 km
and temperature ranging from -70.4°C to -30.0°C, are considered) shows that the typical value of ice water content
(IWC) is 10-2 g m-3, and the number concentrations of ice particles measured by CIP (>100μm) and CPI (>5μm), are 101
and 102 L-1, respectively. The changes in median of IWC in anvil cirri with temperature (or altitude) are examined and
compared among different phases of Australian monsoon.
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