Earth Single Base Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging (ISAR) can detect and observe the moon all day, all weather, and is not affected by weather conditions. At present, there are few studies on the simulation of Earth's single base ISAR imaging methods at home and abroad, and when conducting simulations, the lunar orbit in the Earth Moon motion model is generally idealized and assumed to be circular. In this paper, a ground-based ISAR observation model for lunar imaging is derived in detail, and two methods, range Doppler and focused range Doppler, are used to simulate and analyze the impact of the ideal model. The impact of the lunar orbit on ISAR imaging simulation is analyzed and verified by establishing different ground lunar motion models. The experiment found that when conducting Earth based single ISAR imaging simulation for the moon within 400s of t, the lunar orbit parameters can be ignored and do not affect the imaging results. However, in the case of continuous observation with t being two months, the positioning accuracy of the lunar orbit parameters differs greatly from the actual parameters, and the impact cannot be ignored. The research in this paper provides important reference and guidance for the impact of the lunar orbit approximation on subsequent lunar imaging, and provides an experimental and theoretical basis for accurate lunar imaging.
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