The properties of titania (TiO2 ) are explored within the context of rolled-up nanotechnology, with particular attention to possible photonics applications. We show how the morphology of titania microtubes, as well as the TiO2 phase and refractive index, can be controlled by properly tuning the microfabrication parameters. High refractive index TiO2 tubes are proven to work as microresonators. The possibility of combining the rolling technique with an adequate prepatterning of the titania membrane could pave the way for the fabrication of a rolled-up diamond-like photonic crystal operating at visible frequencies, as substantiated by theory.
Sophisticated methods have been created by nature to produce structure-based colors as a way to address the need of a
wide variety of organisms. This pallet of available structures presents a unique opportunity for the investigation of new
photonic crystal designs. Low-temperature sol-gel biotemplating methods were used to transform a single biotemplate
into a variety of inorganic oxide structures. The density of optical states was calculated for a diamond-based natural
photonic crystal, as well as several structures templated from it. Calculations were experimentally probed by spontaneous emission studies using time correlated single photon counting measurements.
The structure and properties of natural photonic crystals are discussed using the colored scales of the beetle
Lamprocyphus augustus as an example. While the exact mechanism behind the formation of these biopolymeric photonic
structures has yet to be fully explored, similarities of these structures to intracellular cubic membrane architectures are
introduced. Some crucial parameters behind the formation of cubic membranes are discussed. Using these insights,
intracellular cubic membrane structures are transformed into an extracellular environment.
Nature has developed sophisticated methods to create structure-based colors as a way to address the need of a wide
variety of organisms. This pallet of available structures presents a unique opportunity for the investigation of new
photonic crystal designs. Low-temperature sol-gel biotemplating methods were used to transform a single biotemplate
into a variety of inorganic oxide structures. The density of optical states was calculated for a diamond-based natural
photonic crystal, as well as several structures templated from it. Calculations were experimentally probed by
spontaneous emission studies using time correlated single photon counting measurements.
Biological systems such as butterflies and beetles have developed highly elaborate photonic crystals to create their
striking coloration. Especially, examples of the weevil and longhorn families (Curculionidae and Cerambycidae,
respectively) possess a range of interesting three-dimensional photonic crystal structures operating at visible
wavelengths, including non-close-packed lattices of cuticular spheres and diamond-based architectures. A low-temperature
sol-gel bio-templating method was developed, to transform bio-polymeric photonic crystals into heat and
photo-stable silica and titania inorganic structures. The fabricated oxide-based structures display good structural and
optical properties.
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