Mr. Muhamad Ar Iskandar Zulkifli Profile

Muhamad Ar Iskandar Zulkifli

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 April 2023 Open Access

Android mobile-platform-based image reconstruction for photoacoustic tomography

Xie Hui, Praveenbalaji Rajendran, Muhamad Ar Iskandar Zulkifli, Tong Ling, Manojit Pramanik

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 04, 046009, (April 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.4.046009

KEYWORDS: Image restoration, Image quality, Image processing, Acquisition tracking and pointing, Reconstruction algorithms, Signal to noise ratio, Photoacoustic tomography, In vivo imaging, Spatial filtering, Brain

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SignificanceIn photoacoustic tomography (PAT), numerous reconstruction algorithms have been utilized to recover initial pressure rise distribution from the acquired pressure waves. In practice, most of these reconstructions are carried out on a desktop/workstation and the mobile-based reconstructions are far-flung. In recent years, mobile phones are becoming so ubiquitous, and most of them encompass a higher computing ability. Hence, realizing PAT image reconstruction on a mobile platform is intrinsic, and it will enhance the adaptability of PAT systems with point-of-care applications.AimTo implement PAT image reconstruction in Android-based mobile platforms.ApproachFor implementing PAT image reconstruction in Android-based mobile platforms, we proposed an Android-based application using Python to perform beamforming process in Android phones.ResultsThe performance of the developed application was analyzed on different mobile platforms using both simulated and experimental datasets. The results demonstrate that the developed algorithm can accomplish the image reconstruction of in vivo small animal brain dataset in 2.4 s. Furthermore, the developed application reconstructs PAT images with comparable speed and no loss of image quality compared to that on a laptop. Employing a two-fold downsampling procedure could serve as a viable solution for reducing the time needed for beamforming while preserving image quality with minimal degradation.ConclusionsWe proposed an Android-based application that achieves image reconstruction on cheap, small, and universally available phones instead of relatively bulky expensive desktop computers/laptops/workstations. A beamforming speed of 2.4 s is achieved without hampering the quality of the reconstructed image.

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Poster + Paper

Photoacoustic image reconstruction on a mobile platform

Hui Xie, Praveenbalaji Rajendran, Muhamad Ar Iskandar Zulkifli, Manojit Pramanik

Proceedings Volume 12379, 123791I (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648684

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Signal to noise ratio, Reconstruction algorithms, Image processing, Photoacoustic spectroscopy

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Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a non-invasive imaging modality showing great potential in medical diagnosis and research due to its high optical contrast and high-resolution deep imaging. After laser irradiation on the tissue surface, energy absorption leads to the generation of acoustic waves (also known as PA waves), which can be collected by ultrasound detectors such as single-element ultrasound transducers (SUTs). A variety of image reconstruction algorithms can be employed to obtain the initial pressure distribution map. Previously, desktops or workstations are widely used for performing image-forming processes owing to their high computation power. But with the upgrade of mobile phones, they possess more and more powerful CPU or GPU, sometimes comparable to desktop computers. The capability of PAT can be further enhanced with the use of the mobile platform. In this work, we explored the usage of mobile platforms to reconstruct PAT images without sacrificing image quality. A mobile application was developed based on Python, implementing a simple delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer for generating PAT images. HUAWEI P20 was employed to test the application performance, which spent less than 30 seconds to form a well-reconstructed PAT image with the SNR value more than 40 dB. Downsampling process can be performed, leading to much less reconstruction time while the photoacoustic target structure was still reconstructed properly, especially for two-fold downsampling operation. These results indicated that mobile platforms could support fast PAT image reconstruction and at the same time support good image quality.

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