An overview of the problem of contamination of water bodies with microplastics and methods of detection and identification of microplastics using optical technologies was carried out on the basis of general information in available Internet sources. Advantages and disadvantages of existing optical methods are determined. Features of the fluorescence spectrum of PE and PET micropastic samples when excited at a wavelength of 365 nm were determined experimentally. During the analysis of the spectra, radiation bands were found, which allow spectral identification of different types of microplastics. A comprehensive hardware solution for visualization of microplastics using a fluorescent probe-analyzer for remote monitoring of microplastics on the water surface and shoreline is proposed.
The method of vascular segmentation is considered as one of the main approaches to the creation of automated retinal analysis tools. Improved retinal image analysis that can be used for segmented vascular tree to calculate vessel diameter and tortuosity, differentiation of veins and arteries together with measurement of arteriovenous ratio. The algorithm of segmentation of the retinal vessels based on fuzzy clustering of c-means and the method of setting the level is proposed. Morphological processes, CLAHE, and appropriate image filtering techniques were used to enhance the picture before fuzzy clustering of vascular pixels. A method of segmentation on publicly available datasets that uses common validation metrics in retinal vessel segmentation is proposed.
The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of optical diagnostics of cytological smears of the cervix for the presence of HPV using spectral-polarization methods. 30 cytological smears of the cervix with koilocytosis and 15 samples without koilocytosis were studied. Comparison of the obtained results with the viral load of HPV genomic equivalents in a smear-scraping by the PCR method, it was established that at wavelengths of 405-425 nm, less than 3 HE and 100 thousand cells correspond (clinically insignificant result). In contrast, at wavelengths of 425-440 nm corresponds to more than 5 HE per 100 thousand cells, which is a clinically significant variant (high carcinogenic risk). On the basis of the conducted research, it was established that the use of spectro-polarization research and the fluorescence method allows to increase the accuracy of the selection of patients for an expensive procedure - DNA diagnosis of HPV with a high carcinogenic risk by the standard PCR method.
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