Nuclear material assay is fundamental to missions like materials control and accountability, nuclear counter terrorism, or treaty verification. Neutrons from fission chains get detected in bursts separated by gaps. This pattern in time of neutron arrivals provides information about the quantity and arrangement of the nuclear materials. In a weapon, hydrogenous materials often surround the nuclear materials, meaning both fast- and thermal-neutrons come out. When neutrons get absorbed, gamma-rays with the parent neutron’s timing emerge. Our missions would be significantly easier with scintillators to detect all three species with nanosecond timing and at least moderate energy resolution for the gammas.
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