To determine the degree of degradation of agricultural lands for a key values (humus content, mobile potassium, mobile phosphorus, PH), the use of multispectral UAV materials synchronized with ground-based spectrometric imagery is proposed. Spectroradiometer HandHeld 2, soil acidity (pH) meter, satellite GLONASS-GPS receiver of geodetic class were used for field survey. Multispectral orthophoto obtained at the time of ground surveys using multispectral cameras Tetracam Micro-MCA 4 and Tetracam ADC-micro installed on board of the Supercam-S350F UAV. In parallel with the spectrometric work, samples of soils of different soil varieties and washout degree were taken, in representative sites of elementary soil areas. Laboratory studies were carried out with the selected samples, in order to determine the main agrochemical parameters: humus (%), mobile phosphorus (mg), mobile potassium (mg), pH (H2O). The work was tested on two field sites located in the Chuvash Republic (Russia), on cultivated (arable land) forest-steppe zonal soils (leached chernozems, dark gray forest soils). As a result of mathematical data processing, statistically significant relationships were obtained between certain groups of agrochemical indicators and spectral data in different channels of UAV images for specific soil varieties. In the course of the study, relationships were found between the green, NDVI, NIR, red channels obtained using the Supercam-S350F unmanned aerial vehicle and laboratory data: humus, phosphorus, potassium and soil pH. In general, the results of the experiment prove the fundamental possibility of using multispectral UAV materials, together with ground spectrometric imagery for automated express determination of agrochemical indicators of agricultural lands.
The use of express methods for assessing of soil degradation degree is a global trend. Numerous studies suggest the possibility of using spectrometric methods for determination of chemical compounds in the soil. In this work, an attempt is made to determine the agrochemical parameters by spectrometric methods for agricultural soils of the subboreal zone of the east of the European Plain. The main types of spectrograms for gray forest soils and leached chernozems were determined and compared with the results of agrochemical analyzes at soil sampling points. The main regularities in indicators change depending on spectrometric curves type are analyzed. The results of the work can be claimed for express determination of agricultural soils degradation degree for a given natural zone.
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