The ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths are gaining attention in various applications including lithography, imaging, and spectroscopy due to their high photon energy and high spatial resolution. However, the strong UV absorption has required specialized optics for beam shaping and wavefront manipulation of the UV. In this paper, a novel beam shaping of UV is demonstrated by manipulating the wavefront of a near-infrared (NIR, λ=800 nm) driving laser in harmonic generation. The preservation of spatiotemporal coherence in harmonic generation allows the transfer of the spatial beam distribution from the IR driver to the UV harmonics. To separate the UV beam from the strong NIR background, a non-collinear harmonic generation configuration is employed. By using quartz and MgO nonlinear medium, the pattern of 2nd harmonic UV (λ=400 nm) and 3rd harmonic deep-UV (λ=266 nm) waves were manipulated. Our technique allows the wavefront control of UV laser beams in UV optical metrology and patterning.
Low angular separation point sources are vital in astronomy, such as the search for exoplanets. Traditional imaging is time-consuming, but we propose quantum-accelerated imaging (QAI) to reduce measurement time using an information-theoretic approach. QAI maximizes Fisher information per detected photon by adaptively learning optimal measurements from data. Using linear-projection instruments and single-photon detectors, we estimate the position, brightness, and number of unknown stars 10-100 times faster than direct imaging. QAI is scalable and applicable in high-speed imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and optical read-out of qubits beyond astronomy.
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