The spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease of the central nervous system. Early diagnosis and assessment of patients with SCI in favor of timely treatment, can help patients recover from illness as soon as possible. In this study, we use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to obtain the high-resolution images of fresh, unfixed, unstained rat spinal cord specimens (normal spinal cord tissue and the tissue of SCI). Our results show that MPM has great potential to identify the characteristics of SCI including the changes in the proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes and bleeding area. With the development of MPM, this technique can act as an efficient tool for early diagnosis and assessment of SCI.
KEYWORDS: Skin, Tissue optics, Monte Carlo methods, In vivo imaging, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Reflectivity, Blood, Tissues, Dermatology, Light scattering
In dermatology applications, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been extensively investigated as a promising tool for the
noninvasive method to distinguish melanoma from benign pigmented skin lesion (nevus), which is concentrated with the
skin chromophores like melanin and hemoglobin. We carried out a theoretical study to examine melanin distribution in
human skin tissue and establish a practical optical model for further pigmented skin investigation. The theoretical
simulation was using junctional nevus as an example. A multiple layer skin optical model was developed on established
anatomy structures of skin, the published optical parameters of different skin layers, blood and melanin. Monte Carlo
simulation was used to model the interaction between excitation light and skin tissue and rebuild the diffuse reflectance
process from skin tissue. A testified methodology was adopted to determine melanin contents in human skin based on in
vivo diffuse reflectance spectra. The rebuild diffuse reflectance spectra were investigated by adding melanin into different
layers of the theoretical model. One of in vivo reflectance spectra from Junctional nevi and their surrounding normal skin
was studied by compare the ratio between nevus and normal skin tissue in both the experimental and simulated diffuse
reflectance spectra. The simulation result showed a good agreement with our clinical measurements, which indicated that
our research method, including the spectral ratio method, skin optical model and modifying the melanin content in the
model, could be applied in further theoretical simulation of pigmented skin lesions.
We describe the design of a very high resolution, low-cost scan camera for use in image-based modeling and rendering,
cultural heritage projects, and professional digital photography. Our camera can acquire black&white, color, and nearinfrared
images with a resolution of over 122 million pixels and can be readily built from off-the-shelf components for less
than $1200. We discuss the construction of the system as well as color calibration and noise removal. Finally, we obtain
quantitative measurements of the light sensitivity and the optical resolution of our camera and compare the image quality
to a commercial digital SLR camera.
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