The accuracy of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is mainly depended on the accuracy of the centroid detection measurement. The traditional method of exclusively using detection window method or threshold method cannot reduce the noises that affect centroid detection extremely. In order to improve the accuracy of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to achieve high-precision wavefront detection of adaptive optics systems, we proposed an improved centroid detection method. Morphologic method is used to separate the spot signal from the noise primarily, median filter and threshold method inside the detection window are adopted to reduce the noise inside the detection window. For a spot image with noise, the centroid detection error has been decreased to 0.0395pixel by the method in this paper. Compared with the traditional detection window method and threshold method, the accuracy of centroid detection has been improved by 96.15% and 45.59%. The simulation results demonstrate that this method can significantly improve the accuracy of centroid detection.
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