Correct diagnosis of biliary strictures is often challenging and requires imaging tests that allow physicians to see the bile duct. We developed a 3.38-mm outer diameter integrated PAE-EUS mini-probe, which featured the ability to provide an optical-resolution photoacoustic image as well as the traditional ultrasound image, and acquired the first in vivo PAEEUS images from the bile duct of a swine model by applying our dedicated probe sheath. As a microvasculature change in the walls of the biliary tract is expected to differ between benign and malignant lesions, the demonstrated technique could be a potential solution for the accurate diagnosis of biliary strictures.
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