Zero-index metamaterials show the unique feature of uniform spatial phase distributions, enabling the interaction of single electromagnetic mode with matter over an infinite area in an arbitrary shape. This feature brings various novel optical physics and devices, such as supercoupler, large-area single-mode laser, and extended superradiance. However, the state-of-the-art zero-index waveguide shows a propagation loss as high as 1000 dB/mm, hampering most potential applications of zero-index metamaterials. Although zero-index metamaterials based on bound state in the continuum can show a lower propagation loss of 45 dB/mm, the photonic crystal slab configuration which are boundless in the in-plane direction limits the devices’ footprint and flexibility drastically. Here we demonstrated a one-dimensional metawaveguide with zero refractive index along the propagation direction, featuring a high flexibility, a compact footprint, and a low propagation loss of 5.45 dB/mm near the zero-index wavelength. This metawaveguide could enable many zero index-based linear, nonlinear, and quantum photonic devices such as entangled photon pair sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing.
As an excellent material platform for integrated photonics, thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) boots the performance of various integrated photonic devices such as integrated electro-optic modulators, integrated optical frequency combs, and nonlinear wavelength converters. The performance of these devices is highly dependent on the quality of nanofabrication method. Despite the fact that conventional inductively coupled plasma–reactive ion etching can achieve TFLN microrings with intrinsic quality factor (Q-factor) as high as 10 million, this method still shows high cost, poor reproducibility, and low throughput. Here, we achieved z-cut TFLN micro-racetrack with an intrinsic Q-factor over 11.9 million using we etching method. This method can facilitate the mass production of high-performance integrated TFLN devices with low cost, high reproducibility, and high throughput.
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