Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) plays an important role in studying physiological and pathological
processes of small animals in vivo. The low spatial resolution, however, limits the ability of FDOT in resolving the biodistributions
of fluorescent markers. The anatomical information provided by X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be
used to improve the image quality of FDOT. However, in most hybrid FDOT/CT systems, the projection data sets of
optics and X-ray are acquired sequentially, which increases the acquisition time and bring in the unwanted soft tissue
displacement. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a synchronous FDOT/CT system, which allows for faster
and concurrent imaging. Compared with previous FDOT/CT systems, the two subsystems (FDOT and CT) acquire
projection images in synchronous mode, so the body position can keep consistent in the same projection data acquired by
both subsystems. The experimental results of phantom and in vivo experiments suggest that the reconstruction quality of
FDOT can be significantly improved when structural a priori information is utilized to constrain the reconstruction
process. On the other hand, the synchronous FDOT/CT system decreases the imaging time.
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