Photothermally generated surface microbubbles can build up high local concentration of solute near the bubble-surface interface. Since conventional surface-based biosensor systems inherently rely on the interaction of target analyte in a solution with surface-immobilized capture molecules, this concentrating phenomenon has a potential for improving sensor performance by breaking the diffusion-limited transport from bulk to surface. However, optical power and subsequent temperature for bubble generation should be alleviated due to thermal degradation of protein’s activity at above the boiling temperature of water. Here, we demonstrate that low-power photothermal generation of microbubbles can be realized by formulating volatile liquid droplets in the aqueous medium. This biphasic liquid system, wherein droplets on the plasmonic substrate undergo microbubble transformation upon light illumination, was able to induce Marangoni flow that concentrates proteins from bulk to the substrate.
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