Ms. Yulia Kalyuzhnaya Profile

Yulia Kalyuzhnaya

at Southern Federal Univ

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2022 Paper

Ultrastructural changes in the crayfish abdominal ganglia after axotomy

M. Pitinova, Y. Kalyuzhnaya, A. Logvinov

Proceedings Volume 12192, 1219204 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623573

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Glia, Axons, Nerve, Cell death, Proteins, Nervous system, Injuries, Cytoskeletons, Calcium

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Using electron microscopy, we studied ultrastructural changes in neurons and glia cells of ganglia abdomibal 4 and 24 hours after transection of interganglionic connectives. Experiments on such model objects as ganglia of invertebrates provide information on the general biological mechanisms of the nervous system's reactions to mechanical damage. In the control samples, the bodies and nuclei of neurons had a rounded shape, the nuclear chromatin of neurons differed in the degree of condensation. The cytoplasm contained numerous Nissl bodies, the Golgi apparatus, located mainly in the perinuclear region, various elements of the cytoskeleton, ribosomes, elongated and rounded mitochondria with a moderately dense matrix and normal cristae filling the entire volume of mitochondria. Glial cells surrounded the bodies of neurons or unmyelinated axons of the neuropil and formed a multilayer sheath tightly attached to the neuron soma or axons. 4 hours after axotomy, disorganization of Nissl bodies and mitochondrial cristae was observed in the cytoplasm of neurons. 24 hours after the axotomy, ultrastructural changes in neurons intensified: compression of nuclei and compaction of nuclear chromatin were observed. There was a further disorganization of Nissl's substance, the appearance of voids and the loss of organelles. The internal structure of neuropil axons was completely destroyed. However, the ultrastructure of glial cells was found to be more preserved, and the presence of a certain amount of intact mitochondria in them indicated the continuation of synthetic processes in them. Some of the described ultrastructural changes in the ganglia of the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish indicate early stages of necrosis, but taking into account such changes as the contraction of nuclei and condensation of chromatin, these changes should be attributed to a mixed type of cell death.

Proceedings Article | 29 April 2022 Paper

Axotomy induce an increase in the expression of Pink1, Parkin and Сofilin in rat dorsal root ganglia

M. Pitinova, Y. Kalyuzhnaya, S. Demyanenko

Proceedings Volume 12192, 1219203 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623566

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Nerve, Luminescence, Proteins, Glia, Injuries, Cell death, Axons, Visualization, Animal model studies

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To assess changes in the level and localization of the proapoptotic proteins Pink1, Parkin, and Cofilin in rat dorsal root ganglia 24 hours after axotomy, we used the method of immunohistochemistry. To form an experimental model of axotomy, we dissected the rat sciatic nerve. As a control, we examined the ganglia of the intact nerve on the other side of the animal. It was demonstrated that in dorsal root ganglia, the proteins Pink1, Parkin, and Cofilin are localized in the cytoplasm of neurons. Their average level in the cytoplasm was significantly higher than the level in the nuclei. 24 hours after transection of the sciatic nerve, the mean level of Pink1, Parkin, and Cofilin proteins in the cytoplasm of neurons in the axotomized ganglion increased compared to the control. The Pink1/Parkin protein system is responsible for mitochondrial quality control. An increase in the expression of Pink1 and Parkin indicates that axotomy entails severe disturbances in the functioning of the mitochondrial network of neurons. Cofilin regulates the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by depolymerizing fibrillar actin during shape changes, cell movement, and endocytosis. Increased expression of Cofilin indicates that disruption of axon integrity triggers disassembly of actin filaments in the soma of neurons of dorsal root ganglia.

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