The research on ice-snow gained the concerns of a lot of researchers in ecology, geography, meteorology and so on in
the past years, and a series of achievements in scientific research has been gained. Especially, remarkable advances have
been made in ice-snow science after the application of remote sensing techniques. A snow mountain area in
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was chosen as the study area. The DEM was constructed by use of the peculiar stereo data
collection function of HRS on SPOT5. The three-dimensional (3D for short) monitoring model was set up, and the
superficial area was computed based on the TIN model. At last, the authors synthetically estimated the ice-snow
resources status combining to the results gained before. The aim of this study is to provide theory and scientific evidence
for the efficient management of ice-snow resource, and furthermore provide scientific evidence for the macroscopical
adjust and control of water resource and sustainable development in China.
It is well known that code and carrier-phase multipath, which has been under study for over two decades, is the limiting error sources in high-precision differential GPS applications. In virtually every study, however, the effects of autocorrelation function are considered little. This article focuses on the bounds of code and carrier-phase multipath error in terms of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) signals autocorrelation functions, which result from a fundamental theoretical description and mathematical modeling of GNSS receiver. Firstly, an overview of the characteristics of the BOC (Binary Offset Carrier) signal ACF (autocorrelation function) is given in the paper. The impact on the DLL (delay-lock loop) and PLL (phase lock loop) discriminator functions are derived in the followed section and consequently a general description of multipath errors are obtained for the BOC signals. This quantifies the influence of limited bandwidth on receiver tracking error due to multipath. Finally, the simulation results show a distinct change in the error envelope for BOC signals from which has been got using current GPS C/A code signal.
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