Study of correlation properties of GB-speckles generated for the SARS–CoV-2 gene "S" for characterization of differences between Delta and other variants

Sergey Ulyanov; Sergey Zaytsev; Onega Ulianova; Alexander Ulyanov; Valentina Feodorova

doi:10.1117/12.2626101

29 April 2022 Study of correlation properties of GB-speckles generated for the SARS–CoV-2 gene "S" for characterization of differences between Delta and other variants

Sergey Ulyanov, Sergey Zaytsev, Onega Ulianova, Alexander Ulyanov, Valentina Feodorova

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 12192, Optical Technologies for Biology and Medicine; 121920G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2626101
Event: XXV Annual Conference Saratov Fall Meeting 2021; and IX Symposium on Optics and Biophotonics, 2021, Saratov, Russian Federation

Abstract

As is known, Spike surface glycoprotein (protein S) is present in all coronaviruses, including the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus causing a global pandemic in 2019. In the present day, the relevant gene S (encoding protein S) undergoes the most mutations compared with other SARS-CoV-2 genes. In the beginning of 2021, the newer variant of the SARS-CoV-2, the Delta variant B.1.617, was discovered in India. It is distinguished by the presence of a double mutation of the Spike protein. In this study, the protein S sequences have been transformed into the sequence of numbers to generate the genebased (GB-) speckles in order to identify the differences between the reference strain which was initially discovered in China, 2020 (GISAID: EPI_ISL_402124-S) and the new Delta strains which were recently found in either India (GISAID: EPI_ISL_254707; EPI_ISL_254707) or in the UK (GISAID:EPI_ISL_642476; EPI_ISL_255210). Differences in the relevant nucleotide sequences have been found and successfully characterized by means of virtual laser gene-based speckles (GB-speckles). In particularly, it has been demonstrated that implication of interference of two GB-speckles, generated on the virus nucleotide sequences, can be considered as a new direction in modern bioinformatics. It has been shown, that at the interference of two SARS–CoV-2 GB-speckle-patterns, two types of interference pictures are forming: quasi-random speckle structure without interference fringes or fringes, modulated by speckles.

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Sergey Ulyanov, Sergey Zaytsev, Onega Ulianova, Alexander Ulyanov, and Valentina Feodorova "Study of correlation properties of GB-speckles generated for the SARS–CoV-2 gene "S" for characterization of differences between Delta and other variants", Proc. SPIE 12192, Optical Technologies for Biology and Medicine, 121920G (29 April 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2626101

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KEYWORDS

Superposition

Proteins

Genetic algorithms

Speckle

Current controlled current source

Modulation

Microbiology

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