Prof. Eric A. Hoffman Profile

Prof. Eric A. Hoffman

at Univ of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (103)

Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Automated detection of ribs in chest CT scans and assessment of changes in their morphology between Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and Residual Volume (RV)

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Alejandro Comellas, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 12468, 124680H (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653941

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Chest, Education and training, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Voxels, Image processing, 3D image processing, Deep learning

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Paper

Scanner-specific validation of a CT simulator using a COPD-emulated anthropomorphic phantom

Sachin Shankar, Giavanna Jadick, Eric Hoffman, Jarron Atha, Jessica Sieren, Ehsan Samei, Ehsan Abadi

Proceedings Volume 12031, 120313R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613212

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Lung, Scanners, Chest, Computer simulations, X-ray computed tomography, Monte Carlo methods, Image processing, Virtual reality, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Paper

Inter- and intra-scan variability for lung imaging quantifications via CT

Sachin Shankar, Eric Hoffman, Jarron Atha, Jessica Sieren, Ehsan Samei, Ehsan Abadi

Proceedings Volume 12031, 120312C (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613191

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Scanners, Lung imaging, Lung, Image segmentation, Image resolution, Image analysis, Foam, Chest, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

CT-based segmentation of pectoral muscle using deep learning and association of computed metrics with aging and sex

Indra Narayan Dutta, Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Alejandro Comellas, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 12036, 120360R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613073

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Chest, Image processing, Lung, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 3D image processing, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

CT-based segmentation of thoracic vertebrae using deep learning and computation of the kyphotic angle

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Alejandro Comellas, Indranil Guha, Elizabeth Regan, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 12036, 1203616 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613065

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Spine, Chest, Lung, 3D image processing, Image processing, X-ray computed tomography, Image processing algorithms and systems, Reconstruction algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

COPD quantifications via CT imaging: ascertaining the effects of acquisition protocol using virtual imaging trial

Ehsan Abadi, Giavanna Jadick, Eric Hoffman, David Lynch, W. Paul Segars, Ehsan Samei

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115950N (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581965

KEYWORDS: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Radiation effects, Computed tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Modulation, Imaging systems, In vivo imaging, Image segmentation, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Generalizability of a deep learning airway segmentation algorithm to a blinded low-dose CT dataset

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Alejandro Comellas, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 11596, 115963I (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580224

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Chest, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Physiology, Medical imaging, Lung cancer, Lung, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2020 Paper

Anatomical labeling of human airway branches using a novel two-step machine learning and hierarchical features

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Eric Hoffman, Alejandro Comellas, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 11313, 1131312 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546004

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computed tomography, Machine learning, Image segmentation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Gold, Chest, Visualization, Data modeling, Image classification

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2019 Paper

A fully automated CT-based airway segmentation algorithm using deep learning and topological leakage detection and branch augmentation approaches

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 10949, 109490C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512286

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Image processing, Image processing algorithms and systems, Chest, 3D image processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Lung, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2019 Paper

Pulmonary lobar segmentation from computed tomography scans based on a statistical finite element analysis of lobe shape

Yuwen Zhang, Mahyar Osanlouy, Alys Clark, Hari Kumar, Clair King, Margaret Wilsher, David Milne, Eric Hoffman, Merryn Tawhai

Proceedings Volume 10949, 1094932 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512642

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Shape analysis, Finite element methods, Statistical modeling, Principal component analysis, Tissues, Statistical analysis, Blood vessels

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2018 Paper

Topological leakage detection and freeze-and-grow propagation for improved CT-based airway segmentation

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Eric Hoffman, Jered Sieren, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 10574, 105741A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293309

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Detection and tracking algorithms, Chest, Diagnostics, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Lung, Image processing algorithms and systems, Visualization, Reconstruction algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

An iterative method for airway segmentation using multiscale leakage detection

Syed Ahmed Nadeem, Dakai Jin, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 10133, 1013308 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254507

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Lung, Image processing algorithms and systems, Detection and tracking algorithms, Iterative methods, Lung imaging, Chest, Solids, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2016 Paper

A semi-automatic framework of measuring pulmonary arterial metrics at anatomic airway locations using CT imaging

Dakai Jin, Junfeng Guo, Timothy Dougherty, Krishna Iyer, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 9788, 978816 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216558

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Arteries, Image segmentation, Emphysema, Human-machine interfaces, Veins, Statistical analysis, Lung, Spatial analysis

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2015 Open Access

Improved pulmonary nodule classification utilizing quantitative lung parenchyma features

Samantha Dilger, Johanna Uthoff, Alexandra Judisch, Emily Hammond, Sarah Mott, Brian Smith, John Newell, Eric Hoffman, Jessica Sieren

JMI, Vol. 2, Issue 04, 041004, (September 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.2.4.041004

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Feature extraction, Lung cancer, Computed tomography, Computer aided design, Diagnostics, Image segmentation, Tissues, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2013 Paper

Porcine pulmonary artery distension during static pressure inflation

Yik Ching Lee, Alys Clark, Mathew Fuld, Susan Haynes, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Merryn Tawhai

Proceedings Volume 8672, 867208 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006695

KEYWORDS: Arteries, Lung, Image segmentation, Blood vessels, In vivo imaging, Binary data, MATLAB, Zinc, Image analysis, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2013 Paper

Using CT imaging to quantify differences between young and elderly healthy lungs

K. Subramaniam, E. Hoffman, M. Tawhai

Proceedings Volume 8672, 86720Z (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007203

KEYWORDS: Lung, Tissues, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Data modeling, Mechanics, MATLAB, Image filtering, Blood, Radiology

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2012 Paper

Multi-level tree analysis of pulmonary artery/vein trees in non-contrast CT images

Zhiyun Gao, Randall Grout, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 8314, 83142W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911471

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, In vivo imaging, Lung, Algorithm development, Electrophoretic light scattering, Neodymium, Veins, Pulmonary hypertension, Ions, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2010 Paper

Multiscale topo-morphologic opening of arteries and veins: a validation study on phantoms and CT imaging of pulmonary vessel casting of pigs

Zhiyun Gao, Colin Holtze, Milan Sonka, Eric Hoffman, Punam Saha

Proceedings Volume 7623, 76233H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.844456

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Arteries, Veins, Fuzzy logic, X-ray computed tomography, In vivo imaging, Image processing, 3D image processing, Reconstruction algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2010 Paper

Human airway tree structure query atlas

Gary Christensen, Nathan Burnette, Weichen Gao, Matineh Shaker, Joseph Reinhardt, Janice Cook-Granroth, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 7626, 762611 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.844596

KEYWORDS: Lung, Databases, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Human-machine interfaces, Data acquisition, Diagnostics, Computer engineering, Oncology, Medicine

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2009 Paper

A novel multiscale topo-morphometric approach for separating arteries and veins via pulmonary CT imaging

Punam Saha, Zhiyun Gao, Sara Alford, Milan Sonka, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 7259, 725910 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811339

KEYWORDS: Arteries, Veins, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Fuzzy logic, Image resolution, Signal to noise ratio, X-ray computed tomography, Feature extraction

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2009 Paper

Registration-based regional lung mechanical analysis: retrospectively reconstructed dynamic imaging versus static breath-hold image acquisition

Kai Ding, Kunlin Cao, Gary Christensen, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 7262, 72620D (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813694

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image registration, Computed tomography, Tissues, Xenon, Image acquisition, 3D image processing, Error analysis, Image analysis, 3D acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2009 Paper

Local tissue-weight-based nonrigid registration of lung images with application to regional ventilation

Youbing Yin, Eric Hoffman, Ching-Long Lin

Proceedings Volume 7262, 72620C (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811715

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image registration, Tissues, Computed tomography, Virtual colonoscopy, Image segmentation, 3D modeling, Image resolution, Medical imaging, Optical flow

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 2007 Paper

The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC): a quality assurance model for the collection of expert-defined truth in lung-nodule-based image analysis studies

Samuel Armato, Rachael Roberts, Geoffrey McLennan, Michael McNitt-Gray, David Yankelevitz, Ella Kazerooni, Edwin van Beek, Heber MacMahon, Denise Aberle, Charles Meyer, Anthony Reeves, Claudia Henschke, Eric Hoffman, Barbara Croft, Laurence Clarke

Proceedings Volume 6514, 651429 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713227

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computed tomography, Databases, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Image quality, Solid modeling, Systems modeling, Image processing, Medical imaging, CAD systems

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2007 Paper

Three-dimensional murine airway segmentation in micro-CT images

Lijun Shi, Jacqueline Thiesse, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 6511, 651105 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.711213

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, 3D image processing, In vivo imaging, Preclinical imaging, Reconstruction algorithms, Visualization, Computed tomography, Image analysis, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2007 Paper

The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC): pulmonary nodule measurements, the variation, and the difference between different size metrics

Anthony Reeves, Alberto Biancardi, Tatiyana Apanasovich, Charles Meyer, Heber MacMahon, Edwin van Beek, Ella Kazerooni, David Yankelevitz, Michael McNitt-Gray, Geoffrey McLennan, Samuel Armato, Denise Aberle, Claudia Henschke, Eric Hoffman, Barbara Croft, Laurence Clarke

Proceedings Volume 6514, 65140J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713672

KEYWORDS: Databases, Lung, Computed tomography, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, 3D image processing, Solids, Cancer, Lung cancer, Computing systems, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2007 Paper

Three-dimensional histopathology of lung cancer with multimodality image registration

Jessica de Ryk, Jamie Weydert, Gary Christensen, Jacqueline Thiesse, Eman Namati, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 6512, 65122F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.710597

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Tumors, Lung cancer, Image registration, Neural networks, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Cancer, Lung, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2006 Paper

In vivo micro-CT imaging of the murine lung via a computer controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold (IIBH) technique

Eman Namati, Deokiee Chon, Jacqueline Thiesse, Geoffrey McLennan, Jered Sieren, Alan Ross, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 6143, 614305 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651885

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Lung, Image resolution, Image acquisition, X-rays, Scanners, Image quality, X-ray imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Lung imaging

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2006 Paper

Effect of mixing scanner types and reconstruction kernels on the characterization of lung parenchymal pathologies: emphysema, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and normal non-smokers

Ye Xu, Edwin van Beek, Geoffrey McLennan, Junfeng Guo, Milan Sonka, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 6143, 61430M (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.657595

KEYWORDS: Scanners, Emphysema, Lung, Computed tomography, Image classification, Spatial resolution, Pulmonary fibrosis, Pathology, Convolution, Tissues

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In this study we utilize our texture characterization software (3-D AMFM) to characterize interstitial lung diseases (including emphysema) based on MDCT generated volumetric data using 3-dimensional texture features. We have sought to test whether the scanner and reconstruction filter (kernel) type affect the classification of lung diseases using the 3-D AMFM. We collected MDCT images in three subject groups: emphysema (n=9), interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n=10), and normal non-smokers (n=9). In each group, images were scanned either on a Siemens Sensation 16 or 64-slice scanner, (B50f or B30 recon. kernel) or a Philips 4-slice scanner (B recon. kernel). A total of 1516 volumes of interest (VOIs; 21x21 pixels in plane) were marked by two chest imaging experts using the Iowa Pulmonary Analysis Software Suite (PASS). We calculated 24 volumetric features. Bayesian methods were used for classification. Images from different scanners/kernels were combined in all possible combinations to test how robust the tissue classification was relative to the differences in image characteristics. We used 10-fold cross validation for testing the result. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. One-way Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) was used to compare the classification result between the various combinations of scanner and reconstruction kernel types. This study yielded a sensitivity of 94%, 91%, 97%, and 93% for emphysema, ground-glass, honeycombing, and normal non-smoker patterns respectively using a mixture of all three subject groups. The specificity for these characterizations was 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. The F test result of ANOVA shows there is no significant difference (p <0.05) between different combinations of data with respect to scanner and convolution kernel type. Since different MDCT and reconstruction kernel types did not show significant differences in regards to the classification result, this study suggests that the 3-D AMFM can be generally introduced.

Proceedings Article | 10 March 2006 Paper

Establishing multi-modality datasets with the incorporation of 3D histopathology for soft tissue classification

Jessica de Ryk, Jacqueline Thiesse, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 6144, 614437 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.654480

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Algorithm development, Image classification, Image registration, Image processing, Lung, Imaging systems, Blood vessels, Imaging arrays, 3D acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2006 Paper

Computerized detection of pulmonary nodules using a combination of 3D global and local shape information based on helical CT images

Xiangwei Zhang, Jonathan Stockel, Matthias Wolf, Pascal Cathier, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 6144, 61441V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.654285

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Spherical lenses, Lung, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Image segmentation, Computer aided design, CAD systems, Chest

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2005 Open Access

Macro-optical color assessment of the pulmonary airways with subsequent three-dimensional multidetector-x-ray-computed-tomography assisted display

Melissa Suter, Geoffrey McLennan, Joseph Reinhardt, David Riker, Eric Hoffman

JBO, Vol. 10, Issue 05, 051703, (September 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2112767

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, 3D image processing, Image fusion, Distortion, Visualization, Endoscopes, Imaging systems, Databases, Image processing, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2005 Paper

3D segmentation of non-isolated pulmonary nodules in high resolution CT images

Xiangwei Zhang, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5747, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594938

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Lung, Chest, 3D image processing, Optical spheres, Image resolution, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Mathematical modeling, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2005 Paper

A complete CAD system for pulmonary nodule detection in high resolution CT images

Xiangwei Zhang, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5747, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594916

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Neural networks, CAD systems, Feature extraction, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Genetic algorithms, Image resolution, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2005 Paper

3D pulmonary airway color image reconstruction via shape from shading and virtual bronchoscopy imaging techniques

Melissa Suter, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5747, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596544

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, 3D image processing, Distortion, Image segmentation, Endoscopes, Computed tomography, Visualization, Image registration, 3D image reconstruction, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2005 Paper

Automatic lung lobe segmentation in x-ray CT images by 3D watershed transform using anatomic information from the segmented airway tree

Soumik Ukil, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 5747, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596752

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, X-ray computed tomography, X-ray imaging, X-rays, 3D image processing, Image processing algorithms and systems, Computed tomography, Distance measurement, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

A numerical study of gas transport in human lung models

Ching-Long Lin, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.601169

KEYWORDS: Xenon, Lung, Computed tomography, Binary data, Image segmentation, Gases, Helium, Magnetic resonance imaging, Systems modeling, Tomography

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Sensitivity and specificity of 3-D texture analysis of lung parenchyma is better than 2-D for discrimination of lung pathology in stage 0 COPD

Ye Xu, Milan Sonka, Geoffrey McLennan, Junfeng Guo, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595879

KEYWORDS: Lung, Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Tissues, Pathology, Computed tomography, Fractal analysis, 3D image processing, Statistical analysis, Image classification

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Three-dimensional visual truth of the normal airway tree for use as a quantitative comparison to micro-CT reconstructions

Jacqueline Thiesse, Joseph Reinhardt, Jessica de Ryk, Eman Namati, Jessica Leinen, Wolfgang Recheis, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596806

KEYWORDS: Lung, Tissues, Pathology, 3D modeling, Image segmentation, 3D metrology, 3D image processing, Mouse models, Imaging systems, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopy for quantitative airway analysis

Atilla Kiraly, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595283

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Stereolithography, 3D image processing, 3D metrology, Bronchoscopy, Analytical research, Visualization, Image processing, Chest, System integration

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Estimation of regional lung expansion via 3D image registration

Yan Pan, Dinesh Kumar, Eric Hoffman, Gary Christensen, Geoffrey McLennan, Joo Hyun Song, Alan Ross, Brett Simon, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596617

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image registration, Image segmentation, Tissues, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Scanners, Magnetic resonance imaging, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

An image-based computational model of ovine lung mechanics and ventilation distribution

Merryn Tawhai, Martyn Nash, Juerg Tschirren, Eric Hoffman, Peter Hunter

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.600723

KEYWORDS: Lung, Tissues, Mechanics, Natural surfaces, Chemical elements, Imaging systems, Computed tomography, Systems modeling, Error analysis, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Methods of in-vivo mouse lung micro-CT

Wolfgang Recheis, Earl Nixon, Jacqueline Thiesse, Geoffrey McLennan, Alan Ross, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.598464

KEYWORDS: Lung, In vivo imaging, Calibration, Scanners, Mouse models, Pixel resolution, Sensors, X-rays, Aluminum, Image quality

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Micro-CT will have a profound influence on the accumulation of anatomical and physiological phenotypic changes in natural and transgenetic mouse models. Longitudinal studies will be greatly facilitated, allowing for a more complete and accurate description of events if in-vivo studies are accomplished. The purpose of the ongoing project is to establish a feasible and reproducible setup for in-vivo mouse lung micro-computed tomography (μCT). We seek to use in-vivo respiratory-gated μCT to follow mouse models of lung disease with subsequent recovery of the mouse. Methodologies for optimizing scanning parameters and gating for the in-vivo mouse lung are presented. A Scireq flexiVent ventilated the gas-anesthetized mice at 60 breaths/minute, 30 cm H20 PEEP, 30 ml/kg tidal volume and provided a respiratory signal to gate a Skyscan 1076 μCT. Physiologic monitoring allowed the control of vital functions and quality of anesthesia, e.g. via ECG monitoring. In contrary to longer exposure times with ex-vivo scans, scan times for in-vivo were reduced using 35μm pixel size, 158ms exposure time and 18μm pixel size, 316ms exposure time to reduce motion artifacts. Gating via spontaneous breathing was also tested. Optimal contrast resolution was achieved at 50kVp, 200μA, applying an aluminum filter (0.5mm). There were minimal non-cardiac related motion artifacts. Both 35μm and 1μm voxel size images were suitable for evaluation of the airway lumen and parenchymal density. Total scan times were 30 and 65 minutes respectively. The mice recovered following scanning protocols. In-vivo lung scanning with recovery of the mouse delivered reasonable image quality for longitudinal studies, e.g. mouse asthma models. After examining 10 mice, we conclude μCT is a feasible tool evaluating mouse models of lung pathology in longitudinal studies with increasing anatomic detail available for evaluation as one moves from in-vivo to ex-vivo studies. Further developments include automated bronchial tree segmentation and airway wall thickness measurement tools. Improvements in Hounsfield unit calibration have to be performed when the interest of the study lies in determining and quantifying parenchymal changes and rely on estimating partial volume contributions of underlying structures to voxel densities.

Proceedings Article | 12 April 2005 Paper

Image-guided simulation for bioluminescence tomographic imaging

Durairaj Kumar, Wenxiang Cong, Jacqueline Thiesse, Earl Nixon, John Meinel, Alex Cong, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Jiang Ming, Ge Wang

Proceedings Volume 5744, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595387

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Image segmentation, Animal model studies, Photon transport, Reverse modeling, 3D modeling, Bioluminescence, Mathematical modeling, Tissue optics, Tomography

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2004 Paper

Development of lung tissue phantoms for bioluminescent imaging

Durairaj Kumar, Wenxiang Cong, Frank Bohenkamp, Tarun Kakaday, Peter Taft, Lihong Wang, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Ge Wang

Proceedings Volume 5535, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560530

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, CCD cameras, Tissues, Tomography, Ocean optics, Lung, Imaging systems, Bioluminescence, Photons, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2004 Paper

In vivo tomographic imaging based on bioluminescence

Wenxiang Cong, Durairaj Kumar, Yubin Kang, Patrick Sinn, Earl Nixon, John Mienel, Melissa Suter, Lihong Wang, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Ge Wang

Proceedings Volume 5535, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560522

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Bioluminescence, Tomography, Light sources, Point spread functions, Tissue optics, Liver, Tissues, Natural surfaces, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2004 Paper

Bright field segmentation tomography (BFST) for use as surface identification in stereomicroscopy

Jacqueline Thiesse, Eman Namati, Jessica de Ryk, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5324, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529101

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Image processing, Image segmentation, Natural surfaces, Tissues, 3D acquisition, 3D image processing, Microscopes, Light sources and illumination, Lung

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2004 Paper

A whole organ serial sectioning and imaging system for correlation of pathology to computer tomography

Jessica de Ryk, Eman Namati, Joseph Reinhardt, Christopher Piker, Ye Xu, Le Liu, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5324, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529137

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Pathology, Image registration, Tissues, Lung, Algorithm development, Image processing, Composites, Natural surfaces, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2004 Paper

Computerized detection of pulmonary nodules using cellular neural networks in CT images

Xiangwei Zhang, Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5370, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535556

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Lung, Neural networks, Computer aided diagnosis and therapy, Image segmentation, CAD systems, 3D image processing, Genetic algorithms, Computing systems, Spherical lenses

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Airway tree segmentation using adaptive regions of interest

Juerg Tschirren, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537185

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Image processing algorithms and systems, Algorithm development, Emphysema, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, 3D image processing, Fuzzy logic, Image quality standards

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Xenon gas flow patterns evaluated by high-speed multi-row detector CT

Deokiee Chon, Ken Beck, Hidenori Shikata, Osama Saba, Brett Simon, Chulho Won, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535845

KEYWORDS: Xenon, Lung, Computed tomography, Tissues, Blood, Sensors, Technetium, Scanners, Televisions, Dielectrophoresis

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

CT-video registration accuracy for virtual guidance of bronchoscopy

James Helferty, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.534125

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Image registration, Computed tomography, Printed circuit board testing, Biopsy, Lung, Image processing, Chest, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Automated segmentation of pulmonary vascular tree from 3D CT images

Hidenori Shikata, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537032

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Detection and tracking algorithms, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Arteries, Visualization, Heart, Image analysis, Optical spheres

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Three-dimensional true color topographical analysis of the pulmonary airways

Melissa Suter, Joseph Reinhardt, Milan Sonka, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535316

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Imaging systems, Video, Charge-coupled devices, Image segmentation, Endoscopes, Video processing, Image processing, RGB color model

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Segmentation of the ovine lung in 3D CT Images

Lijun Shi, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536971

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image segmentation, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Computer programming, Data modeling, Tissues, Image processing algorithms and systems, Animal model studies, Physiology

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2003 Paper

Atlas-driven lung lobe segmentation in volumetric x-ray CT images

Li Zhang, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 5031, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480436

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Image analysis, Statistical analysis, Image registration, Image processing algorithms and systems, Ridge detection, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2003 Paper

Branchpoint labeling and matching in human airway trees

Juerg Tschirren, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 5031, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480692

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Image segmentation, Tolerancing, Lung, Pulmonary disorders, Rigid registration, Algorithm development, Accuracy assessment, Radiology, Emphysema

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 2002 Paper

3D human airway segmentation for virtual bronchoscopy

Atilla Kiraly, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 4683, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463580

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Lung, Image processing algorithms and systems, Digital filtering, Computed tomography, Image filtering, Bronchoscopy, Chest, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 2002 Paper

Color analysis of the human airway wall

Deepa Gopalakrishnan, Geoffrey McLennan, Martin Donnelley, Angela Delsing, Melissa Suter, Dawn Flaherty, Joseph Zabner, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 4683, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463600

KEYWORDS: RGB color model, Calibration, Imaging systems, Cystic fibrosis, Frame grabbers, Light sources, Bronchoscopy, Inflammation, Lung, Video

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 2002 Paper

3D intersubject warping and registration of pulmonary CT images for a human lung model

Baojun Li, Gary Christensen, John Dill, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 4683, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463598

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image registration, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Image segmentation, 3D modeling, Image processing, Visualization, Computer simulations, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2001 Paper

Lung lobe segmentation by graph search with 3D shape constraints

Li Zhang, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 4321, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.428138

KEYWORDS: Fuzzy logic, Lung, Image segmentation, 3D image processing, X-ray computed tomography, Tissues, Image analysis, Fuzzy systems, Image registration, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2001 Paper

Experiments in virtual-endoscopic guidance of bronchoscopy

James Helferty, Anthony Sherbondy, Atilla Kiraly, Janice Turlington, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 4321, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.428127

KEYWORDS: Video, Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Endoscopy, Image segmentation, Biological research, Endoscopes, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2001 Paper

Evaluation and application of 3D lung warping and registration model using HRCT images

Li Fan, Chang Chen, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 4321, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.428141

KEYWORDS: Lung, 3D modeling, 3D image processing, Motion models, Image registration, Tissues, Computed tomography, Optical flow, Data modeling, Virtual colonoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2000 Paper

Computed tomographic-based estimation of airway size with correction for scanned plane tilt angle

Osama Saba, Eric Hoffman, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 3978, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383440

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Point spread functions, Error analysis, 3D scanning, Lung, Process modeling, Computed tomography, Laser scanners, Data modeling, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2000 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopic approach for combining 3D CT and endoscopic video

Anthony Sherbondy, Atilla Kiraly, Allen Austin, James Helferty, Shu-Yen Wan, Janice Turlington, Tao Yang, Chao Zhang, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3978, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383389

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Video, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, Visualization, Chest, X-ray computed tomography, Endoscopy, Biopsy, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 22 September 1999 Paper

Advances in physiologic lung assessment via electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)

Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3772, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363710

KEYWORDS: Lung, Scanners, X-ray computed tomography, Heart, Computed tomography, Blood circulation, Image segmentation, X-rays, Xenon, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

Role of breathing in cardiac performance: experimental and mathematical models

Binh Tran, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349584

KEYWORDS: Mathematical modeling, Lung, Heart, Data modeling, Veins, Blood, Arteries, Carbon monoxide, Performance modeling, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopic assessment of major airway obstructions

Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Roderick Swift, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349601

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, 3D modeling, Spine, Chest, Stereoscopy, Tumors, Silicon, 3D displays

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

CT-based assessment of regional pulmonary blood flow parameters: an update

Jehangir Tajik, Binh Tran, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349588

KEYWORDS: Lung, Arteries, Monte Carlo methods, Deconvolution, Computer simulations, Modulation transfer functions, Blood circulation, Scanners, Error analysis, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

Computer-based objective quantitative assessment of pulmonary parenchyma via x-ray CT

Renuka Uppaluri, Geoffrey McLennan, Milan Sonka, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3337, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312585

KEYWORDS: Lung, Emphysema, Tissues, Scanners, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Fractal analysis, Feature selection, Computed tomography, Pathology, Feature extraction

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

New technique to quantitate regional pulmonary microvascular transit times from dynamic x-ray CT images

Jehangir Tajik, Binh Tran, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3337, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312583

KEYWORDS: Lung, Arteries, Deconvolution, X-ray computed tomography, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Toxic industrial chemicals, Blood, Data modeling, In vivo imaging

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Microvascular red blood cell mean transit time is a crucial parameter underlying basic pulmonary physiology. Dynamic x-ray CT imaging during bolus radiopaque tracer injection offers the ability to make functional measurements throughout the lungs, but is not able to resolve individual microvascular beds. We have implemented a model-free Fast Fourier Transform deconvolution algorithm to extract the microvascular transport characteristics from the acquired time-intensity data. The deconvolved feeding arterial bolus input curves and corresponding regional pulmonary parenchymal 'response' functions provide measures of regional pulmonary tracer residence times, allowing calculation of microvascular transit times for different spatial regions of the pulmonary system. The acquired feeding (main) pulmonary artery and regional pulmonary parenchyma time-intensity curves were fit to gamma variate functions which were then sampled with a temporal resolution of 0.1 seconds. Deconvolution of the feeding arterial and regional parenchymal curves consistently results in bimodal regional residue functions. The two modes consist of a relatively large, sharp, narrow peak approximating a delta function followed by a smaller more dispersed curve. The sharp, narrow peak appears to be due to small artery inclusion in the sampled parenchymal region (partial volume effects). The magnitude of the dominant arterial peak decreases as sampling locations are moved from the less expanded dependent to the more expanded non-dependent lung regions of supine dogs. Mathematical separation of the two modes allowed isolation of the arterial and microvascular components. The shape and transit times of the putative microvascular components agree well with results from similar measurements via microfocal angiography and in vivo microscopy. Reconvolving the microvascular component with the input curve results in a corrected parenchymal curve representing the regional microvascular transport characteristics, free of arterial flow signal contamination. The corrected residue curves can then be used for non-invasive in vivo quantitation of regional organ microvascular transit times, volumes and flows in relation to the existing in vivo anatomy.

Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

Automatic axis generation for 3D virtual-bronchoscopic image assessment

Roderick Swift, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 3337, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312590

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Optical spheres, 3D modeling, Image segmentation, Navigation systems, Spherical lenses, Computed tomography, Information operations, Image analysis, Bronchoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

Adaptive multiple feature method (AMFM) for early detecton of parenchymal pathology in a smoking population

Renuka Uppaluri, Geoffrey McLennan, Paul Enright, James Standen, Pamela Boyer-Pfersdorf, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3337, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312563

KEYWORDS: Lung, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Emphysema, Fractal analysis, Pathology, Computed tomography, Stochastic processes, Scanners, Tissues, Image classification

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

Intrathoracic airway wall detection using graph search and scanner PSF information

Joseph Reinhardt, Wonkyu Park, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274033

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Data modeling, Computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Lung, Fuzzy logic, In vivo imaging, Model-based design, Error analysis, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

How parrots talk: insights based on CT scans, image processing, and mathematical models

Dianne Patterson, Irene Pepperberg, Brad Story, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274039

KEYWORDS: Mouth, Esophagus, Wave propagation, Image processing, Mathematical modeling, Computed tomography, Tongue, Image analysis, Head, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

Segmentation and quantitation of the primary human airway tree

Rajendra Chiplunkar, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274066

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Image processing, Pathology, Stochastic processes, Visualization, Medical imaging, Data modeling, Bronchoscopy, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

Volumetric image-based comparison of male and female vocal tract shapes

Brad Story, Eric Hoffman, Ingo Titze

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274050

KEYWORDS: Magnetic resonance imaging, Acoustics, Laser induced plasma spectroscopy, Solids, Image analysis, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Image processing, Analytical research, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

Evaluation of intracranial aneurysms with CT angiography: current status and future direction

Yutaka Sato, William Sickels, Jerome Quets, Daniel Crosby, Shereen Chang, Janice Cook-Granroth, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274051

KEYWORDS: Neck, Angiography, Volume rendering, Scanners, Computed tomography, 3D image reconstruction, Arteries, Magnetic resonance imaging, Data acquisition, Quantitative analysis

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 1997 Paper

Intrathoracic airway measurement: ex-vivo validation

Joseph Reinhardt, Stephen Raab, Neil D'Souza, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3033, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.274031

KEYWORDS: Model-based design, Lung, Gold, Pathology, X-ray computed tomography, Tissues, Computed tomography, Microscopes, Data modeling, Scanners

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High-resolution x-ray CT (HRCT) provides detailed images of the lungs and bronchial tree. HRCT-based imaging and quantitation of peripheral bronchial airway geometry provides a valuable tool for assessing regional airway physiology. Such measurements have been sued to address physiological questions related to the mechanics of airway collapse in sleep apnea, the measurement of airway response to broncho-constriction agents, and to evaluate and track the progression of disease affecting the airways, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. Significant attention has been paid to the measurements of extra- and intra-thoracic airways in 2D sections from volumetric x-ray CT. A variety of manual and semi-automatic techniques have been proposed for airway geometry measurement, including the use of standardized display window and level settings for caliper measurements, methods based on manual or semi-automatic border tracing, and more objective, quantitative approaches such as the use of the 'half-max' criteria. A recently proposed measurements technique uses a model-based deconvolution to estimate the location of the inner and outer airway walls. Validation using a plexiglass phantom indicates that the model-based method is more accurate than the half-max approach for thin-walled structures. In vivo validation of these airway measurement techniques is difficult because of the problems in identifying a reliable measurement 'gold standard.' In this paper we report on ex vivo validation of the half-max and model-based methods using an excised pig lung. The lung is sliced into thin sections of tissue and scanned using an electron beam CT scanner. Airways of interest are measured from the CT images, and also measured with using a microscope and micrometer to obtain a measurement gold standard. The result show no significant difference between the model-based measurements and the gold standard; while the half-max estimates exhibited a measurement bias and were significantly different than the gold standard.

Proceedings Article | 16 April 1996 Paper

Fuzzy logic approach to extraction of intrathoracic airway trees from three-dimensional CT images

Wonkyu Park, Eric Hoffman, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 2710, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237925

KEYWORDS: Fuzzy logic, Image segmentation, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Lung, Electron beams, Physiology, Image resolution, Scanners, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Comparison of conventional and CO2 quantitative angiography: fiz or fizzle?

Catherine Kusnick, Carl Black, Elvira Lang, Maria Siebes, William Barnhart, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237854

KEYWORDS: Angiography, Visualization, Diagnostics, Carbon dioxide, Densitometry, Blood, Image analysis, Image segmentation, Hemodynamics, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Volumetric analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Kevin Baskin, Catherine Kusnick, Susanne Shamsolkottabi, Elvira Lang, J. Corson, William Stanford, Brad Thompson, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237875

KEYWORDS: Error analysis, Tomography, Arteries, Reliability, Computing systems, Surgery, Analytical research, X-ray computed tomography, Computed tomography, Neck

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Assessment of major airway obstruction using image analysis of digital CT information

Geoffrey McLennan, Susanne Shamsolkottabi, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237861

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Image analysis, Image segmentation, Image display, Bronchoscopy, Silicon, Lung, Carbon dioxide lasers, Visualization, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Xenon-enhanced CT imaging of local pulmonary ventilation

Jehangir Tajik, Binh Tran, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237894

KEYWORDS: Xenon, Lung, Scanners, X-rays, Computed tomography, Image enhancement, X-ray computed tomography, Blood, Physiology, Electrocardiography

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We are using the unique features of electron beam CT (EBCT) in conjunction with respiratory and cardiac gating to explore the use of non-radioactive xenon gas as a pulmonary ventilation contrast agent. The goal is to construct accurate and quantitative high-resolution maps of local pulmonary ventilation in humans. We are evaluating xenon-enhanced computed tomography in the pig model with dynamic tracer washout/dilution and single breath inhalation imaging protocols. Scanning is done via an EBCT scanner which offers 50 msec scan aperture speeds. CT attenuation coefficients (image gray scale value) show a linear increase with xenon concentration (r equals 0.99). We measure a 1.55 Hounsfield Unit (HU) enhancement (kV equals 130, mA equals 623) per percentage increase in xenon gas concentration giving an approximately 155 HU enhancement with 100% xenon gas concentration as measured in a plexiglass super-syringe. Early results indicate that a single breath (from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity) of 100% xenon gas provides an average 32 +/- 1.85 (SE) HU enhancement in the lung parenchyma (maximum 50 HU) and should not encounter unwanted xenon side effects. However, changes in lung density occurring during even short breath holds (as short as 10 seconds) may limit using a single breath technique to synchronous volumetric scanning, currently possible only with EBCT. Preliminary results indicate close agreement between measured regional xenon concentration-time curves and theoretical predictions for the same sample. More than 10 breaths with inspirations to as high as 25 cmH₂O airway pressure were needed to clear tracer from all lung regions and some regions had nearly linear rather than mono-exponential clearance curves. When regional parenchymal xenon concentration-time curves were analyzed, vertical gradients in ventilation and redistribution of ventilation at higher inspiratory flow rates were consistent with known pulmonary physiology. We present here a works in progress, showing results from two pigs illustrating the high resolution and detailed regional information obtainable with careful attention to cardiac and respiratory gating during a multi-breath washout period.

Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Vocal tract imaging: a comparison of MRI and EBCT

Brad Story, Eric Hoffman, Ingo Titze

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237859

KEYWORDS: Magnetic resonance imaging, Teeth, Image segmentation, Image analysis, Tissues, 3D image processing, Mouth, Scanners, 3D image reconstruction, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Volumetric EBCT imaging of the vocal tract applied to male falsetto singing

Kenneth Tom, Ingo Titze, Eric Hoffman, Brad Story

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237856

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Mouth, 3D image processing, Tissues, Magnetic resonance imaging, 3D image reconstruction, Acoustics, Image analysis, Chest, Laser induced plasma spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Texture analysis of pulmonary parenchyma in normal and emphysematous lung

Renuka Uppaluri, Theophano Mitsa, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Milan Sonka

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237888

KEYWORDS: Lung, Emphysema, Fractal analysis, Computed tomography, Statistical analysis, Tissues, Matrices, Statistical modeling, Diagnostics, Pulmonary function tests

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

ASAP: interactive quantification of 2D airway geometry

Neil D'Souza, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237860

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Computed tomography, Image analysis, X-ray computed tomography, Scanners, Control systems, 3D metrology, Physiology, X-ray technology

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Evaluation of most normal and patho-pulmonary physiology has relied upon indirect measures of pulmonary function which yield global estimates of underlying structural and functional deficits, which are usually very heterogeneous in nature. Early signs of disease are not recognizable by these techniques, nor are they usually recognizable by the manifestation of physical symptoms. As X-ray CT technology has improved, imaging has held a promise to provide the detailed information here-to-fore missing in standard pulmonary function evaluations. A full solution to the imaging and analysis problem requires true dynamic volumetric approaches to facilitate tracking the lung through space during respiratory maneuvers, and following the radiopacified blood and airflow tracers as they pass through the pulmonary vascular bed or wash in or out of the alveolar air spaces. However, high- resolution, high-speed, stacked single-slice approaches for lung imaging have brought the state-of-the-art to a point where quantitative airway evaluation can play an important role in the study of lung disease and normal lung physiology, if one limits the evaluation to those airway segmented sliced in true cross-sections, or to the evaluation of those airway segments for which a true cross-sectional image can be reformatted from the original stacked sections. This paper presents a software system, called ASAP (for Airway Segmentation and Analysis Program), which provides a rapid, minimally-interactive method for objective identification of airway borders and the reporting of associated geometric measures of diameters and wall thicknesses. We demonstrate that this system yields highly reproducible results both within and between observers, and quantitative measures are accurate to within the resolution of the scanner when phantoms of known geometry are evaluated. Results included here demonstrate that the well-accepted half-max criteria for border definition is a rough approximation, which when applied to structures such as intrathoracic airways yields incorrect results. Our analysis shows that the inner and outer wall detection thresholds must be customized based upon the size of the structure of interest.

Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Elastic contour model-based analysis of structural deformations: toward time-sequenced regional lung parenchymal analysis

Jiang Qian, Theophano Mitsa, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237863

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Lung, 3D modeling, Model-based design, Error analysis, Data modeling, Image segmentation, Image processing, Image restoration, Motion models

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1995 Paper

3D bronchial tree model and fractal analysis as tools for the performance evaluation of different CT acquisition/reconstruction schemes

Jiang Qian, Theophano Mitsa, Gopal Sundaramoorthy, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2433, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209683

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Fractal analysis, 3D acquisition, 3D image processing, 3D metrology, Image resolution, Computed tomography, Lung, Performance modeling, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1995 Paper

Perfusion deficit versus anatomic visualization in detection of pulmonary emboli via electron-beam CT: validation in swine

Eric Hoffman, Jehangir Tajik, Greg Petersen, Timmothy Reiners, Brad Thompson, William Stanford

Proceedings Volume 2433, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209699

KEYWORDS: Lung, Visualization, Blood circulation, X-ray computed tomography, Heart, Scanners, Arteries, X-rays, Functional imaging, Electrocardiography

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1995 Paper

Validation of an enhanced knowledge-based method for segmentation and quantitative analysis of intrathoracic airway trees from three-dimensional CT images

Milan Sonka, Wonkyu Park, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2433, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209688

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Lung, 3D image enhancement, Quantitative analysis, Image resolution, Physiology, X-ray computed tomography, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1995 Paper

Cardiac gated ventilation

C. William Hanson, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2433, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209704

KEYWORDS: Heart, Blood circulation, Scanners, Electron beams, Computed tomography, Electrocardiography, Target detection, Information operations, Arteries, Image analysis

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1995 Paper

Speech simulation based on MR images of the vocal tract

Brad Story, Eric Hoffman, Ingo Titze

Proceedings Volume 2433, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209691

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mouth, Acoustics, Image acquisition, Wave propagation, Tissues, 3D modeling, Image processing, Image analysis

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

High-resolution CT assessment of the pediatric airways: structure and function

Sandra Kramer, Eric Hoffman, Israel Amirav

Proceedings Volume 2168, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174405

KEYWORDS: Lung, Computed tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Scanners, Data acquisition, Edge detection, In vivo imaging, Image display, Image analysis, Animal model studies

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Posture-dependent spatial correlation: similarity of multiple CT-derived pulmonary structural and functional parameters

Jehangir Tajik, Collin Olson, Gopal Sundaramoorthy, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2168, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174412

KEYWORDS: Lung, Blood circulation, Data modeling, Tissues, Blood, Computer simulations, Heart, 3D modeling, X-rays, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Biodegradable radiopaque microspheres for the evaluation of regional pulmonary blood flow distribution using electron-beam computed tomography

Michael Workman, Jehangir Tajik, Miguel Robinson, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2168, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174413

KEYWORDS: Lung, Blood circulation, Optical spheres, Scanners, X-rays, Image enhancement, Image analysis, Heart, Capillaries, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Knowledge-based segmentation of intrathoracic airways from multidimensional high-resolution CT images

Milan Sonka, Gopal Sundaramoorthy, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2168, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174425

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Lung, 3D image processing, In vivo imaging, Visualization, Cystic fibrosis, Image resolution, Chest imaging, X-ray computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Feasibility of using high-speed electron beam x-ray CT to follow the time course of the pulmonary response to pneumonectomy in rabbits

L. Olson, V. Wright, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 2168, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174408

KEYWORDS: Lung, Blood, Tissues, Blood circulation, Statistical analysis, Scanners, Heart, Data acquisition, Electron beams, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1993 Paper

Automated method for relating regional pulmonary structure and function: integration of dynamic multislice CT and thin-slice high-resolution CT

Jehangir Tajik, Steven Kugelmass, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 1905, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148647

KEYWORDS: Blood circulation, Lung, Blood, Image segmentation, X-ray computed tomography, Tissues, Scanners, Visualization, Arteries, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1993 Paper

Cardiac image registration via global and local warping

Steven Kugelmass, C. Labovitz, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 1905, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148611

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Heart, Magnetic resonance imaging, Positron emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Image visualization, Pathology, Brain, Image processing, Distortion

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1993 Paper

Quantitative 3D reconstruction of airway and pulmonary vascular trees using HRCT

Susan Wood, John Hoford, Eric Hoffman, Elias Zerhouni, Wayne Mitzner

Proceedings Volume 1905, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148644

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, Distance measurement, Computed tomography, Image processing algorithms and systems, 3D modeling, 3D metrology, Visualization, Radiography, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1993 Paper

Regional shape-based feature space for segmenting biomedical images using neural networks

Gopal Sundaramoorthy, John Hoford, Eric Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 1905, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148703

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing algorithms and systems, Neural networks, Biomedical optics, Image classification, Feature extraction, Distance measurement, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 26 June 1992 Paper

VIDA: an environment for multidimensional image display and analysis

Eric Hoffman, Daniel Gnanaprakasam, Krishanu Gupta, John Hoford, Steven Kugelmass, Richard Kulawiec

Proceedings Volume 1660, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.59595

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Heart, 3D image processing, Image processing, Image analysis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Microscopy, Lung, Biomedical optics, Image display

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