When facing motion and complex environmental conditions, infrared videos captured by thermal imaging devices often suffer from blurring, leading to unclear or missing details and positional information about the targets. To improve this problem, this work proposes an improved deblurring method suitable for infrared videos based on a deep learning-based deblurring network originally designed for visible light images. This method is built upon the D2Net network by introducing a spatial and channel reconstruction convolution for feature redundancy, enhancing the network’s capability for image feature learning. In terms of the encoder-decoder module, a triple attention mechanism and fast Fourier transform are introduced to further improve the network’s deblurring performance. Through ablative experiments on infrared datasets, the results demonstrate a significant improvement in deblurring performance compared to the original D2Net. Specifically, the improved network achieved a 1.42 dB increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio and a 0.02 dB increase in structural similarity compared to the original network. In summary, this paper achieves promising results in infrared video deblurring tasks, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a technique for the single-shot imaging through a scattering medium based on speckle correlation assisted digital in-line holography. The proposed method enables the reconstruction of the complex amplitude information of the object located at any arbitrary planes behind the scattering medium by retrieving the digital in-line hologram. The technique exploits the potential of speckle correlation approaches and machine learning schemes for the efficient reconstruction of complex amplitude information from the digital in-line hologram scrambled in the speckle pattern. The complex amplitude imaging capability of the proposed technique is theoretically introduced and experimentally validated by imaging various standard and unknown objects.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly stable on-axis near common-path snapshot Fizeau-polarization phase-shifting interferometer by combining the polarization phase-shifting scheme with Fizeau on-axis interferometry. The compact on-axis design of the Fizeau interferometry is achieved by utilizing the characteristic feature of a wire grid polarizer, which generates the orthogonal polarization components required for the proposed polarization phase-shifting scheme. The quantitative phase measurement capability is experimentally validated by estimating the phase profile of various phase-sensitive standard and unknown phase samples.
We demonstrate a snap-shot ghost diffraction imaging approach with potential features of simultaneous recovery of amplitude and phase of a complex-valued object from a single-shot recording of the fields at the detectors. The technique utilizes the spatial averaging as an effective replacement of ensemble averaging in the execution of the cross-correlation of intensity fluctuations at the detector plane. Furthermore, the approach adopts the concept of holography in combination with the ghost diffraction scheme for the simultaneous recovery of phase distribution along with the amplitude of the object. The proposed method is expected to find applications in the two- and three-dimensional real-time quantitative imaging, biological microscopy, tomography, and super-resolution imaging, etc.
A high resolution spectrum analyzer is required to measure a large thickness of a glass plate with a spectral resolved interferometer. In order to solve this requirement, two positions of a reference surface are used to produce short optical differences in the interference signals. Moreover, in order to reduce the dispersion effect a compensation glass is used for the measurement of the rear surface of a glass plate. Linear and nonlinear components of spectral phase distribution of the interference signal are utilized to obtain position of a reflecting surface and thickness of a dispersive medium, respectively. Experimental results show that the measurement error is less than 800 nm and 2 μm for 1 mm and 5mm-thickness glass plates, respectively.
Based on Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction integral, the expression of electric cross-spectral density matrix of linearly polarized circular partially coherent (LPCPC) beams, near the focus of a high numerical aperture (NA) objective, are derived. Numerical calculations are performed to show the influence of initial coherent length and NA of the objective, on the intensity distribution and degree of coherence of the LPCPC beams in the focal region. The results indicated that after focusing the LPCPC beams through a high NA objective a super-length optical needle (<12λ) with wavelength beam size can be obtained. Moreover, the numerical calculations illustrate that the length of the optical needle can be controlled by adjusting the initial coherent length of the LPCPC beams. The influence of NA of the objective on the length of the optical needle is much less than the initial coherent length. Setting the reference vector position on the z-axis, we can find that the coherence of the optical needle on the same wavefront remains unchanged.
When the beam waist size is on the order of or smaller than a wavelength, the traditional Gaussian solution exhibits noticeable errors in describing a tightly focused laser beam of the fundamental mode. The spatial distributions of the paraxial approximate errors of the Gaussian solution to the paraxial Helmholtz equation, as compared with Sapozhnikov’s exact solution to the scalar Helmholtz equation, are illustrated, tabulated, and discussed systematically. The maximum and average errors of the Gaussian solution are presented for a list of different specified waist sizes of laser beams. We found that the maximum error distribution is of an annular structure and contains the largest error ring on the waist plane. The laser beam waist should be >1.2 wavelengths for a 1% error, while the beam waist should be >3.5 wavelengths for a 0.1% error. This study provides a useful criterion to ascertain whether the traditional Gaussian solution or the exact solution is to be used to describe the fundamental laser beam in optical engineering. The results exhibit potential applications in micronano technology, near-field optical technology, and other fields where tightly focused laser beams are utilized.
Advanced signal processing is required to make exact measurements with nanometer order accuracy. A complex-valued interference signal of a white-light scanning interferometer (WLSI) obtained from the detected real-valued interference signal through Fourier transform provides an accurate position of an object surface with an error less than 4 nm. Moreover, the sampling points of the interference signal of the WLSI detected with a camera are corrected with the measured scanning positions which are obtained from an interference signal detected by using an optical band-pass filter. This correction method provides more accurate surface profiles with an error less than 2 nm. In experiments a surface profile with a step shape of 3 μm-width is measured accurately.
We present an experimental technique to investigate the effect of speckle pattern illumination on holographic recording and reconstruction. In this work, we apply speckle field illumination for digital holography and present our preliminary experimental results. The technique is applied for recording and reconstruction of the complete wavefronts and compare with conventional holographic approach. This technique is expected to play an important role in studying the polarization sensitive materials and opens up a new approach for holographic imaging with high field of view for polarization objects.
A straight effective method to produce partially coherent beams with controllable time-dependent coherence is demonstrated. We theoretically deduce that a time-dependent partially coherent beam can be generated by imposing dynamic random phase on a coherent laser beam. The degree of coherence of the beam is determined by an amplitude control parameter of the dynamic random phase. We experimentally corroborate that after a completely coherent laser beam reflected from a spatial light modulator, loaded with a particular dynamic random phase, this beam is transformed into a partially coherent beam with time-dependent coherence.
Due to the nature of light fields of laser waves and pulses as vector quantities with complex spatial distribution and temporal dependence, the optics and photonics courses have always been difficult to teach and learn without the support of graphical visualization, numerical simulations and hands-on experiments. One of the state-of-the-art method of computational photonics, the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method, is applied with MATLAB simulations to model typical teaching cases in optics and photonics courses. The obtained results with graphical visualization in the form of animated pictures allow students to more deeply understand the dynamic process of light interaction with classical optical structures. The discussed teaching methodology is aimed to enhance the teaching effectiveness of optics and photonics courses and arousing the students' learning interest.
Partially coherent beam is generated by imposing dynamic random phase to completely coherent beam. The coherence of partially coherent beam can be controlled by the randomness of random phase. The speckle pattern of the partially coherent beam passing through scattering medium is studied. The speckle pattern can be modulated into a bright focal spot by wavefront shaping. The influence of the coherence on the focusing is investigated.
We investigate the tight focusing of radially polarized ultrashort pulse laser beam. It is found that pulse delay
phenomenon occurs near the focus. This is, near the focus, the photon travels slower than the speed of light.
High energy nanosecond vortex beams and cylindrically polarized beams are generated in Nd:YAG amplifiers. Vortex
seed beams and cylindrically polarized seed beams are converted from a conventional Nd:YAG laser by spiral phase plate
and polarization converter, respectively. Maximum output energy of optical vortex up to 995 mJ and cylindrically
polarized beams up to 772 mJ have been achieved at 10 Hz in a 10-ns pulse, respectively. The amplification efficiency,
the beam quality and pulse width of the amplification output are studied. Both the topological charge of the vortex seed
beams and polarization state of cylindrically polarized beams are confirmed to be conserved during the amplification. The
generation of high energy vortex beams and cylindrically polarized beams would be beneficial to laser material
processing.
A general equation of the interference signal of white-light scanning interferometer (WSI) and its Fourier transform are derived. Based on these equations, simulations and experiments are performed to investigate effects of phase random noise and dispersion phase. In the experiments a new method for elimination of a dispersion effect in WSI is proposed. A dispersion phase caused by the two sides of unequal length in a beam-splitter is detected with a spectrally resolved interferometer (SRI). A spectral distribution is obtained by using Fourier transform from an interference signal detected with a WSI. The spectral phase of the SRI is subtracted from the spectral phase of the WSI to get a dispersion-free spectral phase, which provides an improved complex-valued interference signal whose maximum amplitude and zero phase provide two measurement values. These two measurement values are compared to a measurement value obtained from the linear component in the spectral phase.
Based on vectorial Debye theory, the expressions for the distribution of the light field and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of tightly focused vortex beams have been derived. A Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beam is set as the model of the vortex beam. The phase distribution of the field component in the x direction near focus is analyzed as usual by presenting phase contours. It is found that circular edge dislocations exist in the focal plane, but they evolve as screw wavefront dislocations in observation planes away from the focus. Moreover, the dependence of the distribution of phase contours and OAM in the focal plane on the numerical aperture is shown. The distribution of OAM along the z axis is studied; it is found that the optimal location for applications of OAM of vortex beams along the z axis is near the focal plane.
A partially coherent vortex beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated by using extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral. The influence of the turbulence, the spatial coherence, and the topological charges of the incident beam on the propagation characteristics of the beam is studied in great detail. It is shown that the spreading of the partially coherent vortex beam is less influenced by atmospheric turbulence than that of a partially coherent nonvortex beam, and that a partially coherent vortex beam of lower coherence is less influenced than one of higher coherence.
KEYWORDS: Axicons, Global system for mobile communications, Spatial coherence, Light, Optical engineering, Plutonium, Optical components, Monochromatic aberrations, Optical design, Electron beam lithography
In this paper, both backward and forward-type lens axicons illuminated by a Gaussian-Schell model (GSM) beam are studied. A numerical calculation is performed to investigate the axial intensity distribution of the focal segment. It is shown that when a backward-type lens axicon is illuminated with an appropriate beam radius and spatial coherence of the incident GSM beam, one can achieve a focal segment with uniform axial intensity. The rapid oscillation of the axial intensity can be reduced by the decreasing of spatial coherence. This method is very simple and efficient. A forward-type lens axicon illuminated by a GSM beam is also investigated.
We show that when a partially coherent beam with a Gaussian intensity distribution is focused by a lens, the intensity distribution near geometrical focus is strongly dependent upon the spatial coherence. Based on this, the desired intensity distribution near the focus can be generated by choosing appropriate form of spatial coherence. It is shown that the partially coherent flat-top intensity distribution near the geometrical focus or a partially coherent bottle beam can be produced by choosing appropriate forms of spectral degree of coherence. The influence of some parameters of the incident beams on the resultant beams near geometrical focus is investigated.
In this paper a new kind optical switch, which is called spectral switch, is presented. When a particular class of broad-band partially coherent light is diffracted by a circular aperture, the spectrum of the light in the far zone of the diffractive field is different from the spectrum at the aperture, i.e., there exists spectral shift (Delta) (omega) equals (omega) m - (omega) ((omega) m is the frequency at which the spectrum of the diffractive field takes its maximum, and (omega) is the frequency at which the spectrum at the aperture takes its maximum). It is demonstrated that when the spectral coherence of the light at the aperture changes, there will be gradual change in the spectral shift. However when the coherence is equal to a critical value, the spectral shift will exhibit a rapid transition. We call this phenomenon as spectral switch. The scheme for generating 1 X N spectral switch is also discussed.
We report the experimental study on a intracavity frequency doubling and self-Q-switching phase-conjugation two-rod Nd:YAG lasers, using a KTP crystal as second harmonic generator, and a phase-conjugation mirror based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in acetone. The experimental results show that this kind of lasers not only generate Q-switched laser pulses, with duration about 15 ns, and energy over 90 mJ at 532 nm, but also possess the capacity of stabilizing the laser pulse energy, which the energy fluctuation about 5% are obtained. Theoretical analysis on the experimental results is given.
In the earlier work, Wolf has presented a new version of coherence theory that
based on ensemble averages of modal components of field. Its use allows the coherence properties of partilly coherent light to be defined, understood and. studied
with ease an a clear un&eratanding of physical processes involved. In this paper,
we apply Wolf's coherence theory to represent the propagation of partially coherent
beams through first-order optical system that ray matrix is...
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