Dr. Markus Lindemann Profile

Dr. Markus Lindemann

at Ruhr-Univ Bochum

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (29)

Proceedings Article | 20 June 2024 Presentation

Ultrafast modulation of spin and polarization in anisotropic spin-lasers

Nils Gerhardt, Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume PC13002, PC1300207 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3023374

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Polarization, Modulation frequency, Laser frequency, Terahertz radiation, Optical communications, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Telecommunications, Polarization control

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation

N. Ledentsov, V. Shchukin, Ł. Chorchos, O. Yu. Makarov, J.-R. Kropp, I. Titkov, V. Kalosha, V. Zerova, M. Lindemann, N. Gerhardt, M. D’Alessandro, V. Torrelli, P. Debernardi, A. Tibaldi, M. Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 12904, 1290405 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001177

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Modulation frequency, Laser frequency, Frequency response, Streak cameras, Oscilloscopes, Near field, Single mode fibers, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 2022 Presentation

Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities (Conference Presentation)

Niels Heermeier, Tobias Heuser, Jan Große, Natalie Jung, Arsenty Kaganskiy, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Stephan Reitzenstein

Proceedings Volume PC12205, PC1220511 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632687

KEYWORDS: Quantum dots, Polarization, Ultrafast phenomena, Semiconductor lasers, Photonic devices, Photon polarization, Optical microcavities, Light-matter interactions

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Integrated spin-lasers for ultrafast polarization modulation

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11805, 118050W (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594560

KEYWORDS: Spin dynamics, Spintronics, Photons, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Etching, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Reflectivity, Picosecond phenomena, Optical communications

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2021 Presentation

Spin lasing in bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities

Tobias Heuser, Niels Heermeier, Jan Große, Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Stephan Reitzenstein

Proceedings Volume 11805, 1180513 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596029

KEYWORDS: Quantum dots, Polarization, Semiconductor lasers, Resonators, Ultrafast phenomena, Photonic devices, Optical microcavities, Light-matter interactions, Laser resonators, Laser energy

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Investigations on polarization dynamics of birefringent spin-VCSELs

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Mohammad Farooq Hashib, Prishila Hoti, Pierluigi Debernardi, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11704, 117040T (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577488

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Data communications, Temperature metrology, Data centers

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Intensity and polarization dynamics in ultrafast birefringent spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Markus Burghard, Tobias Pusch, Gaofeng Xu, Igor Žutić, Dan Birkedal, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11470, 114702H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567628

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Telecommunications, Quantum wells, Picosecond phenomena, Spintronics, Spin dynamics, Spin polarization

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Manipulation of birefringence in spin-VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11470, 114702K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567336

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Etching, Semiconductors, Semiconducting wafers, Confocal microscopy, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2020 Paper

Investigation of the polarization state in spin-VCSELs with thermally tuned birefringence

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Pascal Stadler, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11356, 113560M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555395

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Data centers, Switching, Bistability, Photonics

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

Integrated surface gratings in VCSELs for high birefringence splitting

Tobias Pusch, Pierluigi Debernardi, Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11356, 113560L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2554703

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Etching, 3D modeling, Photonics, Atomic force microscopy, Semiconducting wafers, Reactive ion etching, Data transmission

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2018 Paper

Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs: approaching the limits

Tobias Pusch, Sebastian Scherübl, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 10682, 1068219 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Modulation, Scanning electron microscopy, Semiconductor materials, Metals, Photonics, Semiconducting wafers, Polarizers

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2018 Paper

Spin lasers for optical data communication

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10682, 1068205 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Dichroic materials, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Data communications, Laser optics, Optical pumping, Ultrafast phenomena, Optical interconnects

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For short-haul optical interconnects, state-of-the-art technology are vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). To transmit data, direct current modulation is used. The corresponding intensity modulation resonance frequency is determined by design and material parameters of the laser and therefore practically limited to a few tens of GHz. To overcome this limitation, an alternative approach is the utilization of spin-VCSELs. In this case, the information carrier is no longer represented by the intensity, but instead by the polarization. The polarization can be controlled by the carrier spin. The birefringence in the cavity has the strongest impact on the polarization modulation resonance frequency. This can be explained by the generation of resonant polarization oscillations in the circular polarization degree in a spin-VCSEL. The circular polarization is composed of the two orthogonal linearly polarized cavity modes. The electromagnetic fields emitted from the two modes are coupled in phase by birefringence and in amplitude by dichroism. However, dependent on the birefringence in the cavity, their frequencies may differ. Spin pumping, i.e., circularly polarized optical pumping pulses, causes the fact that both modes become active. This results in an oscillation of the circular polarization degree of the emitted light, representing the polarization dynamics resonance frequency of the spin-VCSEL device. We demonstrate that the birefringence can be manipulated in actual VCSEL devices over a broad tuning range. Employing this parameter tuning, we demonstrate a polarization dynamics resonance frequency of 89 GHz, which is much faster than currently obtained intensity dynamics resonance frequencies. Not only the maximum frequency, but also the amplitude of the polarization effects should be optimized. An important factor for the amplitude damping is the dichroism, which represents the difference in the gain of the two orthogonal modes. We investigate the influence of birefringence on dichroism and the polarization oscillation amplitude.

Proceedings Article | 19 February 2018 Paper

Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10552, 1055209 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Ultrafast phenomena, Birefringence, Streak cameras, Picosecond phenomena, Temporal resolution, Spectrum analysis, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2018 Paper

Electrical birefringence tuning of VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 10552, 105520A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295917

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Transducers, Etching, Modulation, Photonics, Piezoelectric effects, Gallium arsenide, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Paper

High-frequency polarization dynamics in spin-lasers: pushing the limits

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10357, 103572F (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272972

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Modulation, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Modes of laser operation, Ultrafast phenomena, Transmitters, Optical communications, Telecommunications, Spin dynamics, Spintronics

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2017 Paper

Investigations on polarization oscillation amplitudes in spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10122, 101220O (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252490

KEYWORDS: Spin dynamics, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Polarization control, Optical interconnects, Data transmission, Switching, Picosecond phenomena, Dichroic materials, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2016 Paper

Frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in spin-lasers

Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9931, 993149 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237566

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Roads, Electro optical modeling, Streak cameras, Metals, Geometrical optics, Dichroic materials

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2016 Paper

High-frequency operation of spin vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: towards 100 GHz

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9931, 99310C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237163

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Modulation, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Optical interconnects, Polonium, Picosecond phenomena, Fourier transforms, Nanoimprint lithography

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989224 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229358

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Modulation, Semiconductor lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Data communications, Polarization control, Data transmission, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Nanoimprint lithography

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Birefringent vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers: toward high-speed spin-lasers

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989206 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229356

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Semiconductor lasers, Optical communications, Modes of laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Data communications

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Spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) provide novel opportunities to overcome several limitations of conventional, purely charge-based semiconductor lasers. Presumably the highest potential lies in the spin-VCSEL's capability for ultrafast spin and polarization dynamics which can be significantly faster than the intensity dynamics in conventional devices. By injecting spin-polarized carriers, these coupled spin-photon dynamics can be controlled and utilized for high-speed applications. While relaxation oscillations provide insights in the speed and direct modulation bandwidth of conventional devices, resonance oscillations in the circular polarization degree step in for the spin and polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs. These polarization oscillations can be generated using pulsed spin injection and achieve much higher frequencies than the conventional intensity relaxation oscillations in these devices. Furthermore polarization oscillations can be switched on and off and it is possible to generate short polarization pulses, which may represent an information unit in polarization-based optical communication. The frequency of polarization oscillations is mainly determined by the birefringence-induced mode splitting between both orthogonal linearly polarized laser modes. Thus the polarization modulation bandwidth of spin-VCSELs can be increased by adding a high amount of birefringence to the cavity, for example by incorporating mechanical strain. Using this technique, we could demonstrate tunable polarization oscillations from 10 to 40 GHz in AlGaAs-based 850nm VCSELs recently. Furthermore a birefringence-induced mode splitting of more than 250 GHz could be demonstrated experimentally. Provided that this potential for ultrafast dynamics can be fully exploited, birefringent spin-VCSELs are ideal devices for fast short-haul optical interconnects. In this paper we review our recent progress on polarization dynamics of birefringent spin-VCSELs and investigate numerically how ultrafast polarization oscillations can be utilized for data communication using simulations based on the spin-flip model.

Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Birefringence tuning of VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Marwan Bou Sanayeh, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989222 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228091

KEYWORDS: Strain analysis, Polarization, Metals, Thermal effects, Ultrafast phenomena, Photonics, Modulation, Photography, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2016 Paper

Influence of birefringence splitting on ultrafast polarization oscillations in VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9766, 97660L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212413

KEYWORDS: Birefringence, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Electroluminescent displays, Electro optical modeling, Laser damage threshold, Data transmission, Neodymium

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2015 Paper

Controlled switching and frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9551, 95512Z (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197970

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Switching, Birefringence, Picosecond phenomena, Ultrafast phenomena, Switches, Spintronics, Modulation, Electroluminescent displays

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2015 Paper

Towards high-frequency operation of polarization oscillations in spin vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9551, 95512O (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197969

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Spintronics, Electroluminescent displays, Optical interconnects, Electro optical modeling, Micropositioners

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2015 Paper

Ultrafast polarization dynamics with controlled polarization oscillations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9381, 93810I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076920

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Temperature metrology, Electroluminescent displays, Modulation, Polarization control, Magnetism, Electro optical modeling

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2014 Paper

Polarization dynamics in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Nils Gerhardt, Henning Höpfner, Markus Lindemann, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9167, 916703 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063723

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Picosecond phenomena, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Switching, Modes of laser operation, Optical communications, Electroluminescent displays

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Spin-controlled ultrafast vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Henning Höpfner, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9134, 913408 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049684

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Ultrafast phenomena, Semiconductor lasers, Picosecond phenomena, Mirrors, Switching, Silver, Wave plates

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2014 Paper

Coherent switching of polarization oscillations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Henning Höpfner, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9001, 90010G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039196

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Switching, Modulation, Picosecond phenomena, Ultrafast phenomena, Optical communications, Fourier transforms, Laser applications, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

Ultrafast spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Nils Gerhardt, Henning Höpfner, Markus Lindemann, Mingyuan Li, Hendrik Jähme, Thorsten Ackemann, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 8813, 88132A (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2022720

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Electroluminescent displays, Laser damage threshold, Magnetism, Birefringence, Spintronics, Picosecond phenomena

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Showing 5 of 29 publications

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