Dr. Philip P. Hoekstra Profile

Dr. Philip P. Hoekstra

Laboratory Director and Chief Thermologist at Therma-Scan Inc

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 3 June 2015 Paper

Optical display for radar sensing

Harold Szu, Charles Hsu, Jefferson Willey, Joseph Landa, Minder Hsieh, Louis Larsen, Alan Krzywicki, Binh Tran, Philip Hoekstra, John Dillard, Keith Krapels, Michael Wardlaw, Kai-Dee Chu

Proceedings Volume 9496, 94960G (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176082

KEYWORDS: Microwave radiation, Radar, RGB color model, Scattering, Thermodynamics, Surveillance, Signal to noise ratio, Backscatter, Sensors, Neural networks

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 2014 Paper

Neo-angiogenesis metabolic biomarker of tumor-genesis tracking by infrared joystick contact imaging in personalized homecare system

Harold Szu, Philip Hoekstra, Joseph Landa, Nadarajen Vydelingum

Proceedings Volume 9118, 91180T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049598

KEYWORDS: Cancer, Infrared imaging, Tumors, Breast cancer, Breast, Cameras, Infrared cameras, Thermography, Capillaries, Proteins

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We describe an affordable, harmless, and administrative (AHA) metabolic biomarker (MBM) for homecare cancer screening. It may save hundreds of thousands of women’s and thousands of men’s lives every year from breast cancer and melanoma. The goal is to increase the specificity of infrared (IR) imagery to reduce the false alarm rate (FAR). The patient’s hands are immersed in icy cold water, about 11oC, for 30 seconds. We then compare two IR images, taken before and after the cold stimulus, and the difference reveals an enhanced signal and noise ratio (SNR) at tumorigenesis sites since the contraction of capillaries under cold challenge is natural to healthy capillaries, except those newly built capillaries during angiogenesis (Folkman, Nature 1995). Concomitant with the genome and the phenome (molecular signaling by phosphor-mediate protein causing inflammation by platelet activating factor (PAF) that transform cells from benign to malignant is the amplification of nitric oxide (NO) syntheses, a short-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) that dilates regional blood vessels; superseding normal autonomic nervous system regulation. A rapidly growing tumor site might implicate accumulation of ROS, for which NO can rapidly stretch the capillary bed system usually having thinning muscular lining known as Neo-Angiogenesis (NA) that could behave like Leaky In-situ Faucet Effect (LIFE) in response to cold challenge. To emphasize the state of art knowledge of NA, we mentioned in passing the first generation of an anticapillary growth drug, Avastin by Genetech; it is an antibody protein that is injected for metastasis, while the second generation drug; Sorafenib by Bayers (2001) and Sutent by Pfizer (2000) both target molecular signaling loci to block receptor associated tyrosine kinase induced protein phosphorylation in order to reverse the angiogenesis. Differentiating benign from malignant in a straightforward manner is required to achieve the wellness protocol, yet would become prohibitively expensive and impossible to follow through. For example, given the probability of detection (PD) about 0.1% over unspecified number of years (e.g. menopause years for breast cancer), one might need hundred thousand volunteers. We suggested a Time Reversal Invariant Paradigm (TRIP) (a private communication with Vatican) for gathering equivalent cancer symptom imagery from recovery histories of dozens of patients. We further mixed it with few % of recovered/non-sick cases for negative controls. Creating Virtual images and running videos of these, frame by frame, in two directions (forward and backward in time) resulted in identical Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) for both the computer Aided Target Recognition (AiTR) algorithm and the human radiological experts; namely PD versus FAR within the standard deviation; even though the physiology could be entirely different. Such a TRIP would be true taken by any memory-less instantaneous imagery devices (IR, ultrasound, X-rays, MRI excluding magnetic hysteresis memory). In summary, such an affordable, harmless, and administrative, neo-angiogenesis metabolic biomarker can help monitor the transitioning from benign to malignant states of high-risk home alone seniors and also monitor the progress of home alone seniors treatment at home. Therefore, Smartphone equipped with a day camera having IR spectral filtering for a contact self imaging called joystick, when augmented with AHA NA MBM, may be suited for HAS homecare.

Proceedings Article | 19 March 2009 Paper

Biomedical wellness standoff screening by unsupervised learning

Harold Szu, Charles Hsu, Philip Hoekstra, Jerry Beeney

Proceedings Volume 7343, 734319 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821206

KEYWORDS: Breast, Cameras, Forward looking infrared, Breast cancer, Image processing, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Skin, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR

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Biomedical Wellness (BMW) surveillance system may become indispensible in public health riding on four confluent trends: (i) The surge of retirement waves of WWII baby boomers; (ii) The longevity of the seniors, thanks to 3 decades steady NIH budgets~$23B per year; (iii) The economic melting down is exasperating resources for entitlements; (iv) The emergent Next Gen Internet having the last mile challenges solved entirely and friendly with IT wired and wireless delivery system, thanks to DoD/DARPA pioneer and numerous entrepreneurs visionary efforts. To be effective in job recreation in current economic slag, BMW needs a jump start, WH/HHS should establish a balanced investment policy in health care, not just to illness but to wellness, and a BMW blue ribbon panel (BMWbrp), which must be, however, independent of NIHbrp, recommending additional resources, say $5B budget for BMW infrastructure building that will surely create new jobs to prepare badly needed geriatric caretakers. Being governmental investment, the BMWbrp must come back with a upward-conversion compatible infrastructure Blue-Print, version#1, an open architecture of standard interfaces, workable with distributed data bases and programming languages. The infrastructure must be simple, transparent, scalable, to leverage with a win-win-win(senior) CRADA from the private investments worldwide, e.g. from the insurance companies and home security companies, etc. that can further attract senior community center BOT. To start whenever the rubber meets the road, we shall enlist the military infrastructure, their sensors suite located in DoD & DHS labs supported with their affiliated contractors and universities. However, the down selections should be done under open bids, oversight by BMWbrp, under HHS $5B budget, to translate their sophisticated military persistent and precision surveillance know-how technology to watch out, no longer the enemy of USA but also, the enemy of mankind, the malicious microorganisms and disorders. The degree of friendliness must be demanded and measured by the standoff methodology such as 4 nones: noninvasive, noncontact, and none-stop-to-measure, in this order.

Proceedings Article | 10 October 2003 Paper

Concordance of scores for breast infrared images by three independent investigators

Jonathan Head, Philip Hoekstra, Johnathan Keyserlingk, Robert Elliott

Proceedings Volume 5074, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487199

KEYWORDS: Breast, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation, Breast cancer, Databases, Automatic target recognition, Cameras, Algorithm development, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image analysis

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