This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 13420, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

For further solve the problem of high value-added application of rare metals in titanium-containing blast furnace slag. cobalt-doped titanium-containing blast furnace slag photocatalyst was prepared by liquid phase method with titanium-containing blast furnace slag, cobalt nitrate and nitric acid as ingredients. The potassium dichromate solution was used as the target pollutant for photocatalytic degradation under ultraviolet light. The effects of simulated solution pH, original concentration of Cr⁶⁺ and catalyst quantity on the photocatalytic degradation of Cr6 + were studied. The results show that the cobalt-doped titanium-containing blast furnace slag photocatalyst has better light response in the ultraviolet region. The degradation rate of Cr6+ reached to 92.68%, when simulated effluent pH was 1.0, photocatalyst additive amount was 0.50 g•L^-1, original concentration of Cr⁶⁺ was 20 mg•L^-1, illumination time was 2 h.

Chiral metamaterials have stronger optical activity than natural materials within the terahertz frequencies, so they have attracted more attention. By arranging special silicon structures at terahertz frequencies, we propose an all-silicon-based extrinsic chirality structure with high outer circular dichroism in this paper. And its circular birefringence is also better than average. The properties of our all-silicon-based metamaterials are generated due to the resonance between the circularly polarized incident wave and the special silicon structure of the surface. The circular dichroism of the device due to transmission can reach 0.54. And we obtained the maximum polarization rotation angle can achieve 50°. In addition, the chirality of the device can be dynamically changed between 0.63THz-0.79THz. Such control can be achieved merely by changing the incident tilt angle. Our research can be applied to terahertz circular polarizer and polarimeter, which has great potential in optical path construction, light detection, signal transmission and processing.

A two-dimensional heat transfer model for a nanocomposite phase change material (PCM) roof with an open roof was developed utilizing the enthalpy-porosity approach. This study numerically examined and discussed the effects of sinusoidal fluctuations in external temperature on the variations of internal and external surface temperatures, heat fluxes, and temperature distribution of four distinct roofs. These roofs included an ordinary roof without PCM, as well as three different nanocomposite PCM roofs with varying positions of the nanocomposite PCM layer. The computed results indicate that the presence of a nanocomposite PCM layer on the roof of the building has the potential to decrease the magnitude of the internal surface temperature fluctuations of the roof and improve the time delay between external and internal temperature changes. The placement of the nanocomposite PCM layer has varying impacts on the heat flux of the internal surface of the roof. Integrating the nanocomposite PCM layer inside the middle of the roof yields superior results compared to positioning it on either the exterior or interior surface of the roof. The temperature distribution within the roof is notably influenced by variations in external temperature. Specifically, the presence of a nanocomposite PCM layer on the interior surface of the roof enhances the amount of heat into the roof.

The effect of backfilled phase change material (PCM) on heat transfer performance of energy pile during heat storage and heat extraction was studied. A new phase change pile structure named the stepped phase change energy pile. The numerical heat transfer model was established by Comsol Multiphysics, and the heat transfer effect of single PCM, stepped PCM and gravel backfill energy pile were analyzed. The results show that: during the heat storage stage, the heat storage capacity of single PCM backfilled and stepped PCM backfilled energy pile is increased by 14.01 % and 18.98 %, compared to gravel backfilled, and the heat response radius is 0.28 times and 0.46 times that of gravel backfilled; in the heat extraction stage, the heat extraction of single PCM backfill and cascade PCM backfill energy pile is 13.32 % and 31.23 % higher than that of gravel backfill, and the heat response radius is 0.16 times and 0.44 times of gravel backfill.

Zirconia ceramics are extensively utilized in dental restoration owing to their superior properties. These materials can be processed by various methods, such as sintering, milling, and texturing, to create dental restorations. The present paper aims to report the recent developments obtained in the fabrication operations of zirconia ceramics. A special focus is placed on illustrating the characteristics and prospects of different fabrication methods for dental applications. The selection of the fabrication method is confirmed to significantly affect the performance of zirconia ceramics in terms of precision, mechanical and optical behaviors of the restorations, as well as the success rate of subsequent denture restorations. The review article provides an enhanced understanding of the advantages and limitations of each fabrication method for dental zirconia ceramics. Denture manufacturers may explore new high-quality fabrication ways for zirconia ceramics with the help of this review article.

In an effort to induce surface microstructure and material modification, spin-coated poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-cobenzothiadiazole) (F8BT) films on a glass substrate were irradiated by a femtosecond laser. The surface morphology, micro-Raman, and microscopic photoluminescence (PL) spectral characteristics of the F8BT films being irradiated by various laser doses were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the droplet-like microstructure and material modification including broadening and red-shift of the PL spectra were induced by femtosecond optical thermal treatment. This can be attributed to the competition between intrachain coupling, which leads to J-favoring interactions and interchain coupling, which leads to H-favoring interactions. When the thermal effect of the laser melts the polymer molecules into a liquid phase, the degree of freedom of the molecular chains increases and the molecular chains move in multiple directions. This process makes the molecular chains to rearrange themselves more orderly with a lower energy configuration. Consequently, the J-aggregation state transforms to the H-aggregation state at the molecular level, and the PL spectra become broader and red-shifted to longer wavelengths, macroscopically. The Raman spectroscopic evidence indicates that neither photooxidization nor degradation of the conjugated polymer material has occurred.

Glassware corrosion test and electrochemical performance test were used to investigate the corrosion behaviors of 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 06Cr18Ni11Ti stainless steel with different treated in ethylene glycol coolant and low-conductive ethylene glycol coolant. The results showed that the stainless steels were slightly corroded in both cooling liquids, and their mass change were within the range of ± 10mg after 14 days of glassware corrosion test. Compared to ethylene glycol coolant, the samples exhibited lower corrosion current density (I_corr) and higher impedance at low frequency region in low conductive coolant. After picking passivation treatments, the I_corr of the stainless steel had decreased in different coolants, and the corrosion resistance had been improved.

Carbon fiber electrodes can simultaneously realize energy storage and load-carrying. In this study, a 3D-RVE multiphysics model of carbon fiber electrode is established to simulate the lithiation process under different discharge multiplicities. Results show that lowering the discharge multiplicity and elevating the fiber spacing can promote the uniformity of lithium concentration, stress distribution and volume expansion. The hydrostatic pressure has a facilitating effect on the discharge process, which proves the two-way coupling effect of the model. This work may contribute to understand the lithiation mechanism of carbon fiber electrode and provide ideas for multi-physics field modeling of structural batteries.

The inhomogeneous temperature field and large temperature gradient in the laser cladding process form thermal stress and thermal deformation, which lead to residual stress. In this paper, numerical simulations are developed to investigate the temperature and stress distributions of the cladding model as well as the longitudinal residual stress on the specific paths under different scanning modes. The results indicate that most of the stress is concentrated in the cladding layer and its bonding region with the substrate. Furthermore, the longitudinal residual stress is the largest along the scanning path direction.

This article studies the influence of the material and thermal balance of the electrolytic cells in the aluminum production. Specifically, these two metrics reflect the current efficiency, material utilization rate and the lifespan of the electrolytic cells. Therefore, reasonable planning of the amount of siphon aluminum(yield) and production time are two key factors in the aluminum electrolysis process. However, due to the occurrence of numerous emergencies in the actual production process, manual scheduling aluminum production is still a major challenge, which motivate us to develop an LSTM of the rule-based expert system aluminum production decision-making model. First, the input dataset are processed and selected according to the expert system. Then, a deep LSTM model is built. Finally, the output results are planned and maintained based on the expert system. The performance in the experiments also proves that the method is feasible in terms of both accuracy and robustness aspects.

This study employs ABAQUS/Explicit to simulate the mechanical behavior of composite honeycomb sandwich panels under flat crush and lateral compression, considering both unfilled and filled structures. Utilizing the Johnson-Cook model for aluminum alloy and a crushable foam model for the filled matrix, predicting damage evolution with Hashin criteria and a cohesive zone model. The impact of reinforcement methods, including short carbon fibers and silicon dioxide particles at 1% content, on the compression strength and energy absorption of infused panels is analyzed. Results show that these reinforcement methods significantly improve the structural performance of composite honeycomb sandwich panels, particularly their compression strength and energy absorption capabilities. offering an effective enhancement strategy. However, additional studies are needed to optimize content and interaction mechanisms between reinforcements and foam matrix is recommended.

In the field of automobile manufacturing, the precision and stability of transmission gears are crucial to the performance of automobiles. To investigate the changes in gear temperature and stress during quenching processes, this article established a model of automotive transmission gears. Subsequently, using the import function of the ANSYS software, the gear 3D model established in SolidWorks was imported and subjected to numerical simulation analysis. ANSYS, with its powerful simulation ability, can simulate the complex physical phenomena of gears during quenching and cooling processes, thereby obtaining temperature and stress distribution data of gears. These data not only help to understand the deformation and cracking mechanisms of gears during quenching and cooling, but also provide a key basis for optimizing gear manufacturing processes. When the parameters of the quenching process are reasonably adjusted, the risk of deformation and cracking of the gears can be effectively reduced and the accuracy and service life of the gears can be improved. In addition, this research method also provides the possibility of reducing the production cost of automotive transmission gears. Through numerical simulation, gear performance can be predicted and optimized during the product design phase, reducing the number of trial productions and production costs.

The nano-scale M₂C carbides have excellent coherency with martensite matrix, which is an effective strengthening phase in secondary hardening ultra-high strength steels for aerospace. With the increasing complexity of the alloy system, Mo₂C is gradually replaced by complex M₂C (M is Mo, Cr, W or V), but the effects of Cr, W and V on the physical and mechanical properties of M₂C have not been investigated systemically so far. The stability and electronic structure of alloyed M₂C have been investigated by first-principles method. The results show that W can improve the toughness and stiffness of M₂C, and Mo_1.5W_0.5C has good toughness and strong shear strain resistance. After doping Mo₂C with V, the absolute value of formation energy increases, indicating the stability of the structure is improved. However, the formation energy of Cr and W-doped system decreases, and the structure stability decreases. The results of the density of states and the differential charge density show that the V-C covalent bond is stronger in V-doped system than those in other systems. The effect of Cr on the stability of Mo₂C is worse than that of W and V, and even decreases the stability of Mo₂C. The stability of Mo_1.5Cr_0.25W_0.25C is very poor.

The displacement of the powder in the forming direction and the relative density distribution of the forming green were studied by MSC. MARC finite element simulation software. Refer to relevant industry literature, the influence of different template friction coefficient, pressing method and pressing height diameter ratio on the displacement and relative density distribution of powder was studied. In addition, the change of powder body in the pressing process of cylindrical shaped refractory brick with convex and groove is also under preliminarily study. The results show that the friction of the die wall leads to the retardation of the lateral displacement and the relative density distribution of the refractory brick. The uniformity and compactness of the brick can be improved by reducing the friction coefficient of the template surface and the height-diameter ratio of the brick. The numerical simulation process of pressing cylindrical refractories with convex and grooves still needs to be further studied.

In this paper, the influence of geometrical parameters on the compressive bearing capacity of the new repairable adaptive resin based carbon fibre composite single stiffener plate is analyzed by numerical simulation. The interface debonding and the progressive material damage are considered in the finite element model. For a single stiffener plate with a given layup sequence and basic dimensions, the structural optimization design can be carried out within a certain range. Due to the mismatch between the stiffness of the stiffener and skin, interface stress will increase, leading to early failure caused by interface damage. Considering and not considering interface failure will obtain different optimization results. The reasonable design of a single stiffener plate will directly affect the corresponding multi stiffened plate design.

With the development of lead-free soldering processes in electronic assembly, more and more lead components have being replaced by lead-free components. In the field of high-reliability electronic products such as military industry, SnPb solder paste is still widely used, so the soldering of lead-free components with SnPb paste in electronics manufacturing is inevitably. This paper analyzes the solder joints with SAC305/Sn63Pb37/HASL in mixed soldering, discusses the formation mechanism of Intermetallic Compound and the reliability of solder joints. The experimental results show that the solder joints have good reliability when the peak temperature is 225°C~235°C and the soldering time above 183°C is more than 80s.

In-depth investigation of the raceways' dynamic behavior can shed valuable insights into the optimization of blast furnace (BF) operations in the ironmaking industry. In this work, DEM-CFD method was used to explore particle-scale transport phenomena and thermochemical behavior in a three-dimensional BF raceway. The influences of coke diameter on combustion characteristics and thermochemical behaviors are investigated and microscopic analysis on the coke bed is carried out. These results provide novel findings regarding the behavior of complex processes in the raceway, which will help to optimize the iron-making process.

In order to obtain a higher thrust-to-weight ratio, the combustion temperature of aero-engine is getting higher and higher, which makes the lower edge plate of guide vane subjected to more heat load and prone to ablation. Therefore, it is particularly important to cool the lower edge plate. In this paper, the influence of the leading edge cooling structure on the cooling characteristics of the lower edge plate of the guide blade is studied by numerical calculation. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) When the radial clearance of the front cooling structure is reduced, the momentum increases due to the decrease in the outflow area of cold air, the resistance to transverse secondary flow of the cascade is enhanced, and the cooling effect of the end wall is greatly improved; (2) Reducing the axial clearance of the leading edge cooling structure can reduce the mixing loss of the main stream and cold air, and improve the cooling effect of the end wall.

The rising pipe of the low-pressure evaporator of the waste heat boiler of a gas-steam combined cycle unit was "bursting" due to corrosion. The leaked elbow was intercepted on site, and the composition, microstructure, and corrosion product characteristics were analyzed using macroscopic morphology observation, SEM-EDS, etc. The reasons for corrosion were analyzed and discussed based on comprehensive information on the service environment and material characteristics. The results show that the corrosion of the inner wall of the elbow is erosion-corrosion and flowaccelerated corrosion of the mixture of water and water, and the corrosion of the outer wall is stress corrosion and oxygen corrosion.

Combined with a domestic gas-steam combined cycle, unit waste heat boiler low-pressure evaporator rising tube due to flow accelerated corrosion occurs "burst" phenomenon, based on the accident unit using numerical simulation of 90° tube flow accelerated corrosion was analyzed and discussed. Analyze the causes of corrosion and, at the same time, discuss measures to prevent flow-accelerated corrosion in combined-cycle waste heat boilers.

When unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as strong wind and hail, alternating stress is much more likely to arise in their structures. This repeated stress will accelerate the fatigue of UAV body structures and shorten their life, thus threatening flight safety. In this paper, through Indirect methods of 3D printing, the ordeal pieces of polyurethane (PU) embedded energy-absorbing structure were designed by modifying PU and developing three kinds of flexible materials with different shore hardness. The functional relationship among hardness, curvature, and energy absorption performance of PU structures was established by static compression experiment. The results indicate that their top curvatures affect their energy absorption performance in the samples with the same shore hardness. Moreover, the shear deformation during compression may generate a hardened layer, enhancing its energy absorption performance. At the same time, shore hardness positively correlates with energy absorption performance for the test pieces with identical structures. The greater the shore hardness, the better the energy absorption performance. Therefore, the PU material-structure-function integrated design can achieve lightweight and improve economic efficiency in the real sense based on relieving the fatigue of fuselage structure and realizing optimal energy absorption performance.

Based on Weibull Distribution and gray prediction model, the reliability analysis of the drive motor of the power part of the scraper conveyor is carried out. Firstly, the Weibull Distribution position parameter is introduced to determine the time when the drive motor enters the loss period, and then the gray prediction model is used to solve the parameter estimation problem of the three parameters of Weibull Distribution, and finally the average life of the motor is obtained through simulation analysis, and it is proved that the accuracy of the prediction results can be guaranteed when there liability analysis is carried out by using this method.

The regular inspection of the wear of the workshop assembly line's bearing tracks is crucial for production safety. Manual inspection of track wear is inefficient, so it is essential to design an automatic inspection device. This paper presents a set of automatic wear detection device designed for the resin workshop bearing tracks of an automobile manufacturer. The measurement accuracy of the designed wear inspection device was validated by manually measured data. Comparing with manual inspection, the designed device has high detection efficiency. By analyzing wear data from different sections of the workshop track collected by the automatic inspection device, the wear characteristics of the bearing track in the resin workshop of the automobile manufacturer are obtained.

The frame of the precision punching machine is a supporting structure for other components, playing a crucial role in overall stability, accuracy, and lifespan. This article conducts finite element analysis and modal analysis on the frame, and optimizes the structure of the frame based on the analysis results, reducing the maximum stress of the welded side plate from 135MPa to 90.266MPa and significantly reducing the stress concentration coefficient. Modal analysis has determined the first four natural frequencies of the frame, providing a theoretical basis for avoiding fixed operating frequencies in precision punching machines.

A test bench for testing the sealing performance of pitching paddle is designed, which can perform pressure test on the main sealing parts such as transom and paddle hub. The piston of the digital hydraulic cylinder is connected in series with the piston of the piston of the piston cylinder, and the displacement of the piston of the piston cylinder is controlled by controlling the displacement of the digital hydraulic cylinder, which in turn controls the pressure in the experimental chamber. Simulation study of its hydraulic circuit using AMESim simulation software. The experimental results show that the system can accurately load experimental cavities of different volume sizes, and hold pressure for a certain period of time after loading is completed according to the requirements. Determine whether the sealing performance meets the requirements by comparing the pressure change before and after holding pressure. The device improves detection accuracy and efficiency and guarantees the safety of the shipping process.

To study the influence of various factors on the interfacial bonding performance between nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA) wire and epoxy resin. The bonding strength of the SMA wire/epoxy resin interface was determined by SMA wire pull-out tests, focusing on the effects of adhesive type and SMA wire bonding length on the interface failure mode and bonding strength. The results indicate that the failure mode of Sikadur-330 CN and Lica-102 is interfacial bonding failure between SMA wire and epoxy resin, and the effective bonding length is between 2.0 cm and 3.0 cm. The epoxy impregnated resin Sikadur-330 CN exhibits the best bonding performance. This study can provide theoretical support for the design, preparation, and practical engineering application of FRP/SMA composite materials.

The development of a self-propelled wrapping packaging robot can significantly boost the technological progress of the industry. A new working mode of self-propelled wrapping packaging robot is put forward in this paper: the main structure is a 6-Dofs (degrees-of-freedom) robot mounted on an AGV to build a mobile robot arm. The AGV is equipped with a film fixing device, a film puller, and a suction cup positioning device, so on, which can realize fully autonomous wrapping and packaging work. The overall structure of the wrapping packaging robot and key components of the device are introduced. The wrapping process of a cylindrical object is simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the self-propelled wrapping robot can complete the wrapping of the packaging film and meet the design requirements.

The application of FRP/SMA composite materials in civil engineering reinforcement has been quite extensive, and the excellent bonding between SMA wire and epoxy adhesive interface is crucial to reinforcement effectiveness. The bonding performance of Fe-SMA/epoxy adhesive interface under two types of adhesives was studied through SMA wire pull-out tests, analyzing the effects of adhesive types on failure modes, ultimate loads, and interface load-displacement relationships. The results showed that the failure modes of Sikadur-330 CN and Caben impregnated adhesive were both brittle failures of the Fe-SMA wire/epoxy resin interface adhesive layer, with Sikadur-330 CN epoxy impregnated resin exhibiting superior bonding performance, with a bonding strength approximately 2.2-3.4 times that of Caben impregnated adhesive. This study can provide a certain experimental basis for the design, preparation, and research application of FRP/Fe-SMA composite materials in civil engineering reinforcement.

Pyrophyllite is a kind of fragile material. Pyrophyllite ring made of pyrophyllite ring is necessary for synthetic synthetic diamond, which is limited by the processing condition of its shape, if the curvature radius of the inner surface of the manipulator is different from that of the workpiece, the contact part between the manipulator and the workpiece will form line contact, and the workpiece will be easily damaged. This will cause unnecessary loss and waste to the manufacturer, in order to prevent this situation, the structure of a three-claw manipulator with adjustable curvature is designed in this paper. A finite element model based on the equal and the Chebyshev interpolation distributions for the bolted joints of a manipulator is presented. Based on the analysis of the finite element model, the optimal distribution of the bolt joints on the manipulator finger is determined according to the Chebyshev interpolation. Under the same conditions, the force exerted by bolts with the Chebyshev interpolation distribution is 10% ~ 30% less than that exerted by bolts with the equal interpolation distribution.

This paper presents the design of a miniature rod-type high rotational speed piezoelectric motor for application in micro air vehicles. The motor is consisted of a rod-type stator with a flexible support, piezoelectric ceramic sheets, conical rotor, rotating shaft, bearing, shim, spring and retaining bolts. Four piezoelectric ceramic sheets, arranged in pairs opposing each other to form two phases with reversed polarization directions, invoke the rotor's rotational motion via excitation two bending modes of the stator. Evaluate mechanical properties of the prototype, the stator weighs 2.5 g, its operating frequencies is in the range of 53.62-54.06 kHz. Under the preload force of 0.4 N and voltage of 250 Vp-p, prototype achieved rotational speeds up to 3800 rpm and output torque is 0.36 mN·m, capable of generating lift force of 1.3 g. This piezoelectric motor provides a foundational study for potential applications in micro air vehicles and other domains.

This research developed a dynamic coupling-clearance model relating to gear train including gear backlash and sliding bearing radial clearance, and then built a dynamic model for the GTF star gear train covering dynamic couplingclearance. With this model, the effect of coupling-clearance on dynamics has been analyzed. The results show that: after introducing the coupling-clearance, the vibration response changes more complex, with a significant increase in vibration amplitude; as input velocity rises, the influence of coupling-clearance becomes more pronounced; however, as the input torque increases, the impact tends to decrease. In summary, the coupling-clearance significantly influences the operational characteristics of the gear train, notably in the context of high-speed gear trains.

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a type of thin-layer composite structure formed by curing metal alloys and composite materials at a certain temperature and pressure. This paper adopts surface machining to create a grid-like structure on metal plates and manufactures glass fiber metal laminates using the treated metal plates and prepreg. The laminates are then subjected to three types of mechanical performance tests: tension, compression, and three-point bending, analyzing the failure modes of the specimens under different conditions. The experimental results show that compared to laminates without surface-designed metal plates, specimens with grid-like metal surface design exhibit a 9.1% increase in tensile strength, an 8.1% increase in tensile failure displacement, a 25.5% increase in compression strength, a 54.46% increase in compression failure displacement, a 7.1% increase in bending strength, and a 34.67% increase in bending failure displacement. This study demonstrates that surface grid-like treatment of metal can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates.

The right rear suspension bolt of a certain machine powertrain was fractured in durability tests. In order to analyze the cause of fracture, the macroscopic fracture morphology analysis, micromorphology analysis, metallographic structure analysis, hardness and composition tests of the bolt were carried out first. The metallographic structure, hardness and composition test results showed that the bolt material met the requirements. The results of fracture morphology analysis show that the failure mode of the faulty bolt is Low-cycle high-stress fatigue fracture. In order to further explore the cause of bolt fracture, We established the finite element model of the powertrain and frame, then extracted the load of the right rear suspension bolt of the machine powertrain. The faulty bolt was checked according to the extracted load. The bolt strength was insufficient to meet the requirements of clamping force, which was the main reason for the failure. Referring to the research in this article, this fault was solved by improving the connection design and increasing the number of bolts.

In the initial stage of the J - R testing using the unloading compliance technique, the crack growth often exhibits abnormally negative values. The negative crack growth phenomenon indicates that the experimental procedures for measuring crack growth are sometimes flawed and may lead to apparent negative crack growth. This report explores the mechanism of negative crack growth using computational models. A finite element model created by Abaqus is used to test different conditions that may lead to negative crack growth in order to verify the mechanism. These simulations are the selection of a suitable set of parameters to build the model based on CT specimen as the prototype to evaluate the impact on this phenomenon in various scenarios. Through this study, several key results are analyzed and deduced. The observed negative crack growth is essentially a negative crack length computed from the energy. Finite element analysis(FEA) demonstrated that changing the load position, sample rotation and material blunting can result in negative crack growth.

Due to compact size, high consistency, and resistance to radio frequency interference, MEMS microphones are increasingly important in the consumer electronics market and have driven the development of intelligent applications. There is a growing demand for enhanced performance in MEMS microphones. Currently, research on the shell design of MEMS microphones is relatively shallow, often only considering the accommodation of the vibrating diaphragm and ASIC chip, as well as the minimization of volume, without focusing on the impact of the shell configuration on the microphone's acoustic performance. Therefore, this paper starts from the perspective of optimizing acoustic response and studies the impact of the packaging shell configuration and design parameters of MEMS microphones on the microphone's sensitivity and frequency response, including the sound collection hole diameter, chamber volume, and chip layout. The goal is to establish a quantitative relationship between these key parameters and the microphone's performance. Simulation software was used to simulate the acoustic characteristics of the microphone shell, and optimal design parameters were recommended based on the simulation results. In addition, the research also proposes methods to adjust the frequency response of the microphone within the target frequency range, providing a reference direction for the scientific design of the shell structure to reduce the transmission loss of acoustic energy and enhance response sensitivity.

The automobile transmission gear is one of the transmission modes used in machine transmission and it is widely used because of its high effect and stable transmission. In this paper, aimed at an automobile transmission gear, the composition and working principle of the reducer are introduced in detail. Considering that the contact stress has a great effect on the gear transmission of the reducer, exploring the dynamic and static contact stress of the involute spur gear has a crucial effect on improving the life and contact strength of the gear. Parametric modeling of the reducer gear is completed using 3D modeling soft SolidWorks, then the 3D solid model of the reducer gear is imported into ANSYS, and the modal analysis of the gear reducer is performed to obtain the gear. To simplify the computation process, a three-tooth model is established, and contact stress analysis is fulfilled. The results of the analysis provide a certain reference value for the design and manufacture of automotive reducer gears.

As a key component that bears gas pressure and drives the crankshaft to rotate, the design of the engine piston needs to meet both the resistance to erosion in high-temperature environments and the sufficient strength to withstand gas impact after ignition. This research takes a certain piston as the research object, establishes its three-dimensional model through SolidWorks, and conducts a detailed static analysis in the ANSYS Workbench. Firstly, the piston model was meshed and its stress and deformation were analyzed. Second, by structural optimization, the aim is to decrease the weight of the piston, reduce the inertial force of motion, and achieve effective utilization of materials. In order to further improve the optimization effect of piston design, the response surface analysis method was used in this research to conduct experimental design for the four key dimensional parameters of the piston. The results of the sensitivity show that the four parameters P1, P2, P3 and P4 have a significant impact on the output parameters. Based on these findings, this research conducted targeted optimization on the piston, ultimately achieving a weight reduction from the original design of 0.41kg to 0.38kg, a reduction in the maximum stress value from 60.314MPa to 39.623MPa, and a reduction in the maximum deformation value from 0.017998mm to 0.00529mm while meeting the strength requirements. This research not only provides an effective piston design and optimization tool, but also provides a valuable practical reference for the improvement of the lightweight and efficiency of automotive power systems.

Piezoelectric shunt damping technology effectively suppresses mechanical structural noise and vibration by connecting piezoelectric elements integrated on the structure to specific interface circuits, among which synchronized switch damping (SSD) draws attention. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the operating principles and characteristics of SSD circuits, electromechanical conversion energy and vibration attenuation expressions of each are normalized. By comparing their parameters and performances, it is found that SSDEI circuits can make up for the defects of SSDI and SSDV technologies in which the vibration control effect is limited by the Q_e of the circuits and the k_m²Q_m of the electromechanical structure by injecting energy, and their performance is significantly improved. When the value of k_m²Q_m is high, it takes a little external energy to completely suppress the structural vibration. Therefore, in the future, it is possible to have a completely self-sufficient control system that has no need for an external power supply.

Excessive vibration of the pump motor may cause equipment damage, performance degradation, increased noise, and structural looseness, seriously affecting its normal operation and service life. This paper elaborates on the analysis and treatment process of the high vibration flash alarm of the condensate pump motor in a nuclear power plant (NPP). First, the vibration flash alarm phenomenon is briefly introduced and the preliminary cause analysis is conducted; secondly, based on the preliminary cause analysis, corresponding treatment is carried out from three aspects: the equipment body, system piping, and installation instability. However, since the vibration fluctuation and flash alarm problems still existed, the root cause of the problem was further analyzed. Finally, the vibration flash alarm problem was successfully solved by installing a cantilever mass absorber. This article can be used as a reference for the maintenance and management of condensate water pump equipment in power plants of the same industry.

This study investigates the position deviation in the assembly of iron core dies for new energy electric motors due to interference fit. A mapping model is established using a back propagation neural network (BPNN) to correlate the ideal die axial hole interference fit clearance with position deviation. Utilizing the joint simulation of Abaqus and Isight, a comprehensive set of geometric models with varying interference clearances is developed, generating data on center deviations for different sizes and clearances. A BPNN is trained with the template hole diameter and insert outer diameter as inputs, and the x-direction and y-direction center deviations of the insert cylindrical axis as outputs. This model is then applied to predict the deformation effects of the interference fit on assembly. The results show that this method can accurately and efficiently predict the deformation in ideal axial hole interference fit assemblies.

This article analyzes the iterative process and relationship between material elastic-plastic damage and elastic damage, and obtains the stress-strain formulas for adjacent elastic-plastic damage and adjacent elastic damage of materials. Further analysis was conducted on the process of elastic-plastic and elastic damage caused by assembly stress, and the superposition of assembly stress and working load deteriorated the bearing capacity of the mechanical system. Based on the implementation examples, the stress-strain of the antenna skeleton was calculated under three working conditions: impact load, displacement load, and displacement load combined with impact load. The calculation results indicate that adopting necessary optimization assembly methods can eliminate or reduce assembly gaps, effectively reducing harmful assembly stresses caused by displacement loads, making the stress after displacement loads superimposed with impact loads less than the yield limit, thereby avoiding plastic damage and reducing elastic-plastic damage.

For the functional test of motion, a method of driving performance calculation and matching optimization is proposed in this paper. Through calculating the driving force and driving speed of the actuator cylinder, and conducting balanced comprehensive calculation and analysis, the driving performance curve of the actuator cylinder is formed. It is matched with the load requirement of the test tool, and optimized according to the matching situation to ensure that the test demand is met and the success rate of the test is improved.

The article presents a methodology for the dynamic simulation and load computation of follower tooling. Key geometric characteristics of the tooling are first extracted, which are then fed into dynamics analysis software. This facilitates the creation of a comprehensive dynamic model incorporating elements such as mass, center of mass, kinematic relationships, loads, and driving forces. Subsequent simulation enables the calculation of the driving velocity and force required for the follower tooling, leading to the derivation of load curves. This novel method serves to inform the planning of functional testing strategies and the choice of drive systems, achieving enhanced levels of testing dependability and efficacy.

In order to determine the design characteristics of the propeller of polar navigation ships and improve its operation reliability, this paper analyzes the typical damage forms of the propeller of polar navigation ships based on the inspection results of the wharf, and analyzes the design requirements of the propeller in the ice area, and analyzes the design characteristics of the propeller of the navigation ships in the ice area.

As a kind of equipment for electromagnetic signal collection and transmission, the traditional antenna reflector of ship radar has increasingly stringent requirements regarding its weight on ships. The antenna system processes the received electromagnetic signal by feeding it to the receiving device and converts it into a visual form. Eventually, the result is saved to the workstation through the terminal system and exported after data processing in accordance with the specified operation. According to the geometric characteristics, when the reflector adopts a rotating paraboloid, the electromagnetic wave can be better concentrated at the focus position. Therefore, the antenna of the radio telescope is mostly of a paraboloid structure, and its reflective panel is mainly composed of metal mesh or smooth metal plate. However, the metal reflector is affected by the application effect of the material in the environment, and its resolution and sensitivity will decrease when the weight is large. Thus, how to ensure that the reflector antenna is lightweight for application in the responsive marine environment and can meet the requirements of the work is particularly crucial. In this paper, the reflector antenna is fabricated from carbon fiber composite material, and the application of the antenna in load and environment is designed accordingly.

In order to reduce the load mass and solve the problem that the aluminum alloy optical cover plate of exoplanet imaging coronagraph was easy to deform, based on the equal generation design method, this paper designed and determined the configuration of the carbon fiber optical cover plate. Through the simulation of layup by finite element analysis，this paper researched the influence of different layering angles and sequences on the stiffness of optical cover plate. Finally, the carbon fiber layup method was determined as [15/-75/-15/75]s. The dynamic response analysis show that all the indexes satisfy the system requirements, and verify the feasibility of carbon fiber optical cover plate.

To align with the new era trend of paperless and intelligent outfitting in the ship-building industry and enhance the digital level of shipyard manufacturing, Augmented Reality (AR) is being increasingly applied in large-scale production processes. However, when designing AR visualization schemes, human factors are often overlooked. To better assess the mental impact on users, a method for evaluating AR visualization schemes based on the Cognitive Load Theory is proposed. First, we introduce several indexes for assessing cognitive load. Then, we construct a cognitive load assessment model based on the indexes. Finally, we design a validation experiment and verify the effectiveness of the evaluation model by collecting users' subjective evaluation data.

As we all know, there is a strong correspondence between the transmittance of synthetic quartz and its thickness, the transmitting ability of synthetic quartz is usually measured based on standard thickness (10 mm). However, the thickness cannot be fixed as the standard in the application, and the value of transmittance needs to be characterized for all devices during precise optical design. Our work measured the transmittance from 1500 to 3300 nm using high-quality and low-hydroxyl synthetic quartz with different thicknesses. Our research verified that the transmittance shows an exponential relationship with thickness in synthetic quartz with ultra-low absorption from 2600 mm to 3300 mm. According to this result, we can get the transmittance of any devices in a specific thickness accurately, though products may not be under standard size.

The single yarn pullout test is critical for the energy dissipation mechanism research of aramid fabric. This paper conducted both traditional in-plane and out-of-plane tests. The in-plane test utilized digital image correlation (DIC) technique to measure the displacement filed during the pullout process and analyzed the behavior of fabric shear deformation. Three different transverse pre-tension force variables were set for both tests to research the effect of pre-tension force on the pullout load. Comparing the two sets of tests, the results showed that pullout load and fabric energy consumption increased with increasing pre-tension force and the load of out-of-plane pullout was greater under the same experimental conditions. Finally, an explanation was provided for the latter phenomenon.

Currently, research on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone dust protection meshes has predominantly focused on dust prevention capabilities, with scant attention given to acoustic performance, and there is a lack of systematic studies on the patterns of acoustic performance variation. This study utilizes finite element analysis to investigate the impact of structural parameters such as perforation radius, perforation rate, number of perforations, and perforation distribution patterns, as well as material properties like the density of the expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene(e-PTFE) membrane, on acoustic impedance and sound transmission loss. It was found that, at a constant perforation rate, a larger perforation radius results in lower acoustic impedance and sound transmission loss. This research provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent design of MEMS microphone dust protection meshes. Furthermore, an intelligent dust protection device based on metasurfaces has been proposed, which achieves an organic integration of dust prevention and sound wave control functions, and exhibits high sensitivity and robustness, laying the foundation for the development of future smart auditory technologies.

In this paper, an ice-covered aluminium plate was used as the research object, and the mechanism of ice detachment from the structure due to vibration generated by piezoelectric ceramics was investigated. COMSOL modal analysis was utilized to examine the influence of various layouts of piezoelectric elements on the anti-icing effect of the plate structure. Simulation results were used as basis to conduct anti-icing experiments on aluminium plates. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed anti-icing scheme and an improved deicing effect under the selected layouts.

Traditional leader-follower methods have addressed the formation issues in multi-robot cooperative dance, but often neglect synchronization and positioning, leading to suboptimal coordination. To enhance dynamic formations for dance performances, this paper proposes an improved leader-follower algorithm utilizing wireless communication and infrared transceivers for controlling robot formations. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves smoother velocity changes, faster convergence, and more accurate path planning compared to traditional approaches when multiple robots dance together. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and excellence of the proposed algorithm in solving the synchronization, localization and dynamic formation challenges in multi-robot dancing scenarios.

The rapid development of computer technology has promoted the technological innovation in the field of instrumentation. Virtual instruments with the characteristics of high simulation degree, low cost, convenient deployment, and quick reading have been increasingly applied in the industrial field. Based on the research of the composition and design characteristics of virtual instruments, this paper proposes a modular design method of ’unit element’ combination and assembly, and realizes a virtual instrument design system with a visual interactive operation interface. This paper details the unit element definition, system architecture, data communication and control, instrument unit design and packaging, component invocation methods, dynamic link libraries, and virtual instrument simulation testing based on multi-thread technology. The virtual instrument system designed by this method has the characteristics of low development cost, easy maintenance and expansion, high code reuse rate, and strong versatility.

In this study, the CFD-VOF model was employed to simulate the two-phase interaction between jet and molten bath under different wear morphology of the oxygen lance nozzles. The difference of flow field attributable to the influence of nozzles on molten bath during the initial, intermediate, and final stages of service was investigated. The data reveals that with the increase in nozzle wear, the surface fluctuations of the molten bath weaken, and the velocity of the molten steel on the cross-section decreases. The worn nozzle has a considerable effect on the flow field of the molten steel at the furnace bottom, which is unconducive to stirring of molten bath. The results of this study are of great import for optimizing the process parameters of oxygen lance.

The rapid of development of the Internet of Things (Iot), 5G communications, and smart technologies placing higher demands on storage-integrated hardware devices. The discovery of HfO₂-based ferroelectric materials has opened up a new avenue for achieving low-power logic and high-density non-volatile memory by utilizing this silicon-tolerant ferroelectric material. In this work, a 10 nm Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ (HZO) ferroelectric films ware prepared on SrTiO₃ (STO) substrate using an atomic layer deposition system (ALD). After rapid annealing treatment, the surface roughness of HZO films showed nanometer level (Ra~1.033 nm, Rq~1.321 nm). HZO ferroelectric films with molybdenum (Mo) electrodes exhibit low coercive field (Ec~1.48 MV/cm) and excellent ferroelectric property (2Pr~56.143 µC/cm2 , and 2Pmax~ 81.070 µC/cm²). Under the fatigue signal of 100 kHz, the device exhibits stable anti-fatigue characteristics. Mo/HZO/Mo/STO devices exhibit fast response time (1ms) and stable polarization retention characteristics (over 10³ s). This work introduces a novel method for the next-generation non-volatile memory solutions (NVM).

The leakage of battery gas under the shell will cause the deformation of the battery shell. The main causes of automobile battery bulging are overcharge and circuit failure. In order to monitor the deformation of the core shell in real time, flexible sensors with large deformation can be attached to the outer surface of the core. The deformation of flexible sensor in the bulging effect is analyzed by establishing a numerical calculation model. It is found that with the increase of leakage, the pressure of bulging gas increases continuously, resulting in the continuous bulging of the shell surface. When factors such as sliding contact are introduced, the device produces non-uniform deformation with a peakof14147με. The numerical simulation method is used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the sensor made of flexible electronic devices.

With the increasing demand for semiconductors in China and their continued development, there are extremely high requirements for temperature and humidity control in production environments. This paper focuses on the design of a temperature and humidity control system for semiconductor manufacturing workshops, aiming to build an efficient, lowenergy, and high-precision control system. Currently, domestic research on indoor controllers often suffers from shortcomings such as high energy consumption and low efficiency, making it difficult to meet the low-power control requirements within semiconductor factories. Therefore, this paper adopts a new approach that utilizes a combination of fan units, desiccant wheel units, and combined air handling units, which differs from traditional regulators. This new method adjusts temperature and humidity to further meet the requirements of low power consumption and high efficiency. The hardware section selects the STM32F103VE (System-on-Chip Microcontroller for 32-bit ARM Cortex-M Architecture) microcontroller to design the main circuit. Data is monitored using the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and then a fuzzy PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller is adopted. By comparing the measured temperature with the setpoint, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals within [0,1] are output to drive the circuit, Control of various fan groups working in combination, differing from traditional regulators. thereby achieving cooling and humidification effects. The system controls humidity between 40%RH (Relative humidity) and 50%RH and temperature between 20°°C and 24°C.

Fluxgate sensor is a kind of magnetic field detection device with high temperature stability. Miniature fluxgate sensor improves the application performance of fluxgate sensor by taking the advantage of small size. However, due to the high power consumption determined by the saturation characteristics of the core, the core parameters have a significant impact on the power consumption and other parameters of the fluxgate. On the basis of previous studies, a micro fluxgate with mixed materials between the core in the excitation coil and the core in the induction coil is proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that this method can significantly reduce the power consumption of the fluxgate while reducing the flux leakage of the fluxgate sensor.

This article studies the optoelectronic characteristics of CMOS vertical diodes. By applying monochromatic light of a specific wavelength on the diode, its spectral response curve in the wavelength range of 400-1010nm is recorded and studied. The results show that the response curve of the photodiode at the wavelength of 400-1010nm continuously fluctuates up and down, and the response curve reaches a peak between 750-800nm. For double-junction diodes, the spectral response curves were tested under two conditions: short-circuit and open-circuit. The test results verified that the spectral response is proportional to the junction depth, and the spectral response under the short-circuit condition is significantly smaller than that under the open-circuit condition.