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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161701 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2589811
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11617, including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.
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International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161702 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584197
We report the demonstration of Si-based waveguide Ge1-xSnx photodetector (PD) at L-band (1565-1625 nm), U-band (1625-1675 nm), and 2μm light detection, optical and electrical properties are studied by using simulation models. With introduction of 4.5% Sn into Ge, the GeSn waveguide PD with evanescent coupling exhibits a high responsivity of 1.25 A/W, dark current is lower than 12 nA. This work provides a new choice for future infrared detection, beneficial to needs of broadband spectrum communication, and compatible with CMOS circuits.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161703 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584199
The technique of orbital angular momentum (OAM) increases the channel capacity in free space optical (FSO) communications. Lately, the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based demodulating for the OAM shift keying (OAM-SK) draws great attention. Unfortunately, the atmospheric turbulence (AT) causes a critical challenge of wavefront distortion for OAM-SK-FSO links. In this study, we analyze two different methods to resist the negative influence caused by the AT in the OAM-SK-FSO link. The first method is to compensate for the wavefront by using the adaptive optics system (AOS) directly. On the contrary, the second method is to increase the CNN demodulator's recognition rate for all ATs by deeply digging into the OAM image dataset. An AT-detecting based multiple CNN (ATDM-CNN) demodulator, rather than the costly physical devices AOS, is proposed to achieve a qualified OAM modes recognition rate. The AT detector detects the AT strength, and an AT-determined demodulator is activated to recognize the incident OAM modes. The two methods are compared by simulation in different AT cases. Satisfactory results indicate the improvement in the recognition rate for each method. The advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are also listed.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161704 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584202
In this study, the glucose was detected by using the photoacoustic spectroscopy method for the milk-glucose mixed solutions. To achieve the purpose, a kind of photoacoustic detection system of glucose was established by using the OPO pulsed laser. Meanwhile, a focused ultrasonic detector with central echo frequency of 2.5MHz was used to capture the photoacoustic signals of glucose. And a kind of custom-built cycling sub-system used to analogy the flow system of pure blood in the vessel of human being. In experiments, a series of mixed solutions with different concentrations of milk and glucose were prepared and excitated by the pulsed laser beam with the wavelength of 1064nm and the output energy about 1mJ. The time-resolved photoacoustic signals, the peak-to-peak values and peak-point times for the mixed solutions with different concentrations were all obtained. Experimental results show that with the increase of the concentration of milk and glucose, the peak times decrease, i.e., the ultrasonic velocity increases. For the mixed solutions with fixed concentration of milk but different concentrations of glucose, the photoacoustic peak-to-peak values of glucose increases with the increase of the glucose concentration. However, for the mixed solutions with fixed concentration of glucose but different concentrations of milk, the photoacoustic peak-to-peak value of glucose decreases with the increase of milk concentration. The results can be interpreted by the reason that the light absorbance of glucose is decreased by the increase of the milk concentration due to the increase of the light-scattering effect in the turbid solutions. The prediction models of glucose were built for the different mixed solution for the milk and glucose. Then, the prediction correlation coefficients and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values were also gotten. Results show the correlation coefficient can reach 0.986 in the milk-glucose mixed solutions, and the smallest RMSE value is about 18.24mg/dl .
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161705 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584216
This paper proposes an intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs)-assisted Petahertz mobile communication system. The IRSs are utilized in this system to assist the base station for beam tracking and reduce the impact of obstacles by path replanning and real-time power distribution. The scheme of auxiliary beam deflection and tracking is purposed based on the working principle of phase controlled IRSs. Since signals can be deflected freely among multiple IRSs, two multi-path power allocation schemes for optimal system performance are also proposed. Experiments and simulation are presented for verification.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161706 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584299
With the help of the rolling shutter mechanism of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistor (CMOS) camera, LED-camera based optical camera communication (OCC) system can obtain a data transmission rate much higher than a camera’s frame rate. This makes the OCC system one of the most potential branches of visible light communication system together with advantages like ease of use and almost cost free. However, limited by the fundamental film function of a camera, there exists a gap time between every two consecutively captured pictures. This brings an inevitable incident light signal loss problem, and limits the system throughput. Furthermore, the gap time vibrates during a camera’s working time, this makes the unidirectional OCC data link fragile to burst error. Aiming to fix the signal loss problem, and to obtain a reliable OCC data link, camera parameters like read out time, frame rate are analyzed, and a framing method is also proposed in this paper. In the proposed framing method, the original data is packed and sent sequentially. When compared to the related method like Hamming coding and Raptor coding, the proposed framing method has a higher system throughput, and has the capability to fix both the inter-frame and intraframe data loss problem. Numerical results show that the proposed framing method can effectively fix the data loss problem resulted from the gap time, fix the synchronization problem between the LED and camera, and increase the system throughput as well.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161707 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584349
A time-resolved soft X-ray emission spectrometer covering 250-620 eV is presented for the study of chemical reaction processes. Contrary to conventional time-resolved spectrometer, our spectrometer can obtain a two-dimensional timeenergy map in single shot by adding an imaging mirror to the flat-field spectrometer. The temporal changes are spatially encoded in the footprint of the probe X-ray beam on the sample via grazing incidence geometry. The flat-field spectrometer design is chosen to alleviate the aberration of the imaging mirror. The spectrometer is optimized at 400 eV, targeting at over 2000 resolving power and sub-picosecond time resolution.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161708 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584359
Silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices can offer great potential for quantum key distribution (QKD) with the benefits of low-loss, low-cost, large-scale integration, miniaturization, stability and mass production. A quantum decoding integrated chip for QKD based on silica PLC technology was demonstrated, which consists of a variable optical splitter (VOS), an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) with a thermo-optic phase modulator (TOPM) and a delay line (DL) whose delay time is 400ps, and a variable directional coupler (VDC). The balanced pulsepairs of double channels with measured delay times of 396ps and 398ps respectively were obtained in the conditions of both classical optics and single-photon transmissions. The chip has advantageous to achieve high interference visibilities of double channels simultaneously for BB84 phase and time-bin protocols.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161709 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584360
A graphene-assisted microwave photonics filter based on micro-ring resonators is proposed. This setup demonstrated a filter with a flat transmission band and significantly enhanced tunability that a more than 70 GHz frequency shift of the center frequency has realized. The filter will be able to switch by electrical gating on different modes including lowpass, bandpass, and highpass. In the simulation results, the proposed filter exhibits the advantages of high sideband suppression, outstanding rectangular coefficient, and high tunability. Moreover, the construction of filters based on the SOI platform adapts to the developmental requirement of monolithic integration in microwave photonic devices.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584451
In this paper, we present the spatial beam modulator based on electrowetting liquid lens/prism array, in order to realize adjustment of various beams (parallel, convergent, divergent) in three-dimensional space. To calculating the adjustments range of the spatial beam modulator, the optical transfer function (OTF) is derived, according to the theories of geometrical optics, matrix optics and electrowetting. We also establish the simulation model for verifying the correctness of OTF by COMSOL. The results show that the spatial beam modulator can translate, expand, contract, converge and diverge the parallel beam. When the parallel beam is incident on the spatial beam modulator, the maximum translation distance of parallel beam is 0.92mm, and its focal length f can be adjusted in the range of 7.96 mm to ∞ (dual-convex liquid interface) or -∞ to 25.99 mm (dual-concave interface). In addition, the spatial beam modulator can also collimate, converge, diverge the convergent beam or divergence beam.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584452
The 2D MoS2-FET biosensor has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, ultra-fast response, ultra-low detection limit, high sensitivity, and well-integrated circuit compatibility. For now, many 2D MoS2-FET biosensors have been developed for the detection of various types of analytes. In this paper, the research progress of 2D MoS2-FET biosensors in recent years is reviewed, and the prospects and trends in this field are given in combination with the current challenges.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170D (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584487
This study demonstrates manipulation of luminance from CaF2: Yb3+, Er3+ up-conversion (UC) micronano particles emissions and the fluorescence intensity improvement by using various surface plasmon resonance substrates which consist of SiO2, gold thin film, and nano cones from bottom to the top in the view of side structure. When they are applied, the optimum enhancement of the intensity of red up-conversion luminescence (UCL) peaked at 653 nm shows up to 189-fold. The distance dependent intensities of two UC micro-nano particles manipulated by holographic optical tweezers (HOT) are also illustrated in this article. The fluorescence intensities decrease when two UC micro-nano particles become near to the each other due to the inter-system transition at the much short distance.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584503
Magnetic phenomenon is one of the earliest physical phenomena realized by human. The technology of high sensitivity magnetic field measurement has been used in many applications such as geophysical prospection, aerospace engineering, earth-magnetism navigation, biomedicine, fundamental physics, and so on. With the development of laser technology, the study of atomic magnetometer makes great progresses for the past few decades. This paper reports a magnetic field sensor with optical resonant measurement. Experiments have demonstrated the scalar component of the magnetic field with the resonant precession frequency of the coherent atoms and the vector component with the Lock-in Amplifier (LIA) phase shift on the field angle.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584506
Formamidinium lead iodide perovskite (FAPbI3) is widely employed in photovoltaic area because of its better stability and high potential of efficiency compared to methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). However, the α-phase FAPbI3 that is beneficial for high performance solar cells is not stable in air. Here, N-butylammonium Iodide (BAI) was used to slice PbI2 precursor via guest effect. Subsequently, this BAI-PbI2 film transforms to FAPbI3 through the reaction with FAI solution. Meanwhile, the existence of BA accelerates the formation of α-phase FAPbI3. We find the α-phase FAPbI3 film based on BAI-PbI2 precursor film shows much better stability in air, the better surface morphology and crystallization than those of the control FAPbI3 film based on normal PbI2 precursor. The obtained stable α-phase FAPbI3 films are potential excellent materials for stable and high performance perovskite optoelectronic derives.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584512
In this paper, the method of circularly polarized folded transmitarray antenna (CPFTA) is first proposed and studied based on transmitarray antenna (TA). The special element of TA is proposed to reflect x-polarized waves as a ground, transmit y-polarized waves and convert the y-polarized waves to circular polarized wave with arbitrary phase shift at the same time in the operating frequency band. A reflective polarizer based on metasurface is applied to twist the polarization of incident waves by 90°. The whole CPFTA, including the feeding source of microstrip antenna, transmitarray antenna, and reflective polarizer can be fully integrated.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584569
Water hardness refers to the total content of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water. It is one of the important monitoring indicators in the water treatment process. Water hardness testing is of great significance for low-loss, safe industrial production and healthy life. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new, more effective and low-cost method to accurately detect the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+). We have prepared a new type of ion sensor based on NiS2 nanomaterials through experiments. In the experiment, the detection range of ion concentration is 1×10-9 M~1×10-7 M, with 0.1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte, and the current density is 20 mA·cm-2 . The minimum overpotential is -188 mV, indicating that the material has good electrochemical properties. Further electrochemical methods are used to detect the corresponding linear relationship between the overpotential/the reduction peak and the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584571
This paper reports a new quantum dot luminescence amplifier design based on metal/insulator/metal metamaterial structure for weak visible light emission enlargement, in which quantum dots can be coupled between dielectric lays. The detector consists of periodical grating structure, made up by two silver thin films and middle Al2O3 insulator lay. In the experiment the magnetic dipole can produce spontaneous emission at yellow light between the dielectric layers. Through the structure design and spectrum calculation using the finite element time difference simulation, the result show that the quantum dots emission can be largely enhanced when the strong electromagnetic resonance spectrum in the inner MIM covers the quantum dots emission peak wavelength. By the optimal design for detector’s structure, material and geometry parameters, the magnetic dipole quantum dot at 593 nm can realize 110 and 180 times far field and near field enhancement. Meantime it proves that this enhancement show quite low sensitivity about this quantum dots displacement and structure geometry parameters change, which provides practical application possibilities for the quantum dots photo detector’ single photo detector.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584582
In the indoor visible light communication (VLC) system, the light source has the dual function of illumination and communication. Due to the different size of indoor space and indoor facilities, it will inevitably lead to different indoor light power distribution. In order to achieve the optimal communication effect, the layout of the light source must be reasonably designed so that the receiving power distribution is relatively uniform on the same horizontal plane in the room. The current layout methods are mostly based on the square plane three-dimensional space, while the layout methods of the rectangular plane three-dimensional space are rarely studied. In this paper, a room with size 5m×4m×3m is used as a model. Firstly, according to the shock response principle, the optimal layout of four LED lights is obtained through theoretical calculations, so that the received light power fluctuation in the z=h plane in this room is minimized. Then, according to a set of simulation parameters, the theoretical optimal layout with the minimum fluctuation of receiving optical power in the h=0.75m plane in the room is calculated, and then Matlab is used to simulate the received optical power distribution of the plane under different layouts. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculations. Finally, the illumination distribution under the optimal layout is calculated to verify that the designed optimal layout meets the international illumination standards. The light source layout model designed in this paper not only meets the illumination standards, but also ensures the reliability of communication. It provides an optimization method for the layout of indoor visible light communication LED light source.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584587
A monochromatic Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) X-ray microscope using two spherically bent crystals was proposed. Compared with the single-layer or multilayer KB mirrors, bent crystals demonstrate a higher spectral resolution for multi-keV X-ray diffraction. Therefore, a high-energy resolution of ΔE/E ≈ 10−3 is possible. The bent crystals can also diffract X-ray with a large Bragg angle, which will reduce the aberration and achieve a high spatial resolution with a large field of view. Two spherically bent Mica (006) crystals were fabricated and aligned to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed KB microscope. A monochromatic image was attained through the backlight imaging experiment, thereby showing spatial and energy resolutions of 25 μm and 30 eV, respectively, at the energy of 8.05 keV. The proposed KB microscope is expected to be a novel experimental tool for monochromatic X-ray imaging.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584595
The microstructure evolution and optical properties of vacuum combined with hot isostatic pressing(HIP) sintered Tm,Ho:(Lu2/3Sc1/3)2O3 transparent ceramics were studied. The ceramics were sintered in vacuum followed by HIP to obtain Tm,Ho:(Lu2/3Sc1/3)2O3 with high transparency. Changes of microstructure and densification rate due to the vacuum sintering temperature increasing were studied from 1100°C to 1780°C. With the increase of the operating temperature, the densification rate of the ceramics presented nonlinear characteristics. The growth of the grains was remarkably accelerated at higher temperatures (above 1500°C). The in-line transmittance of Tm,Ho:(Lu2/3Sc1/3)2O3 ceramics vacuum sintered at 1780°C followed by HIP at 1700°C exceeded 81.68% at 2090 nm.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584600
Laser amplification is one of the key links to achieve high-power laser output. With the increasing of the energy inside the gain material, the damage properties of the material become the primary issues for the power improving. In this paper, the optical field amplification characteristic of Neodymium glass (Nd:glass) is investigated under the high gain condition. A theoretical analysis model of field damage properties is established. The light field distribution inside the material is calculated by using the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Based on the electron proliferation theory, the changes of impact ionization rate and multi-photon ionization rate inside the material are studied. Finally, the change law of damage threshold with laser pulse width and optical field is analyzed. Results show that as the optical field increases, the onset position that the damage occurs should forward lead progressively in the material. Especially, when the incident optical field is 109 V/m, the damage position of the material occurs at 32mm from the incident plane.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584685
Generation of laser beam that can propagate in air or water turbulence without much distortion has always been an attractive research field. In our previous research, we have reported a new class beam called Optical Pin Beams (OPBs) which possess great properties through long distance propagation in atmospheric turbulence. Here, in this article, we experimentally investigate the propagation behavior of OPBs through water turbulence. In the experiment, we efficiently generate an OPB and let it propagate through a water tank. To simulate water turbulence, we continuously inject hot water into the water tank right above the light path. To demonstrate the advantages of OPB, we compare its propagation behavior with a Gaussian beam under the same condition. It is shown that OPB has much less distortion than Gaussian beam. OPBs are expected to have remarkable potential applications in underwater applications, such as submarine laser communication and laser illumination.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584686
Characterization of electric field controlled magnetism is essential to the research and application of magnetoelectric devices. In this work, we proposed a characterization method and built a test system with tunneling magnetoresistance magnetic sensors to analyze the electric field controlled magnetism of multiferroic heterostructure samples. To verify the feasibility of the characterization method, FeGaB/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.68-Ti0.32O3 multiferroic samples were prepared and measured by test system and superconducting quantum interference devices. Results show that the electric field controlled magnetism of the measured sample has the same butterfly-like behavior, which means that the test system can effectively characterize the electric field controlled magnetism of multiferroic samples. Furthermore, the character of magnetoelectric materials under different bias magnetic fields and electric fields was investigated by the proposed method. This characterization method can be applied to developing process of magnetic sensors and microwave devices. As a new application of TMR sensors, the proposed method can be used to effectively simplify the characterization process of electric field controlled magnetism with the advantages of fast operation and low cost.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584700
Due to the short working wavelength of light detection and ranging (LIDAR), the information of the distance and angular position of the target can be detected more accurately. Therefore, LIDAR has high research significance and wide application prospects in both military and civilian fields. The main components of this technology include the laser emitting module, receiving optical system, detection module and digital information processing system. The receiving optical system is the key factor for the miniaturization of LIDAR. Therefore, we optimized the design and prepared an optical system with a micro-nano structure according to the requirements of the field of view (FOV), focal length and modulation transfer function (MTF). The quality of the micro-nano optical lenses design and preparation directly affects the overall LIDAR system performance. In order to measure and analyze the optical characteristics of the micro-nano optical lenses, a multi-functional optical characteristic testing system is designed and built. The testing system is used to measure and calculate the optical characteristic parameter in the assembled micro-nano optical lenses. Compare the measured value of the optical characteristic parameter with the theoretical value, the measured result meets the design requirements of the micro-nano optical lens. Our experimental data demonstrated the testing system has practical significance for the design, preparation and image quality evaluation of micro-nano optical lenses.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584715
In the silicon photonics field, coupling occupies an important position of propagating the light from the space to the waveguide. There are two normal coupling way. The one is end-face coupling and the other one is surface coupling. And the more popular way is to use the surface coupling, which can be put on anywhere of the chip and is much easier to measure. The specific surface coupling format is grating coupler. Grating coupler can be both input and output coupler and match the fiber to propagate the light from and to the space. However, the one-dimensional grating coupler, used in the most of silicon photonic chips, has polarization selectivity and can only transfer one single mode (TE mode) in the waveguide. That means the half of the light would be wasted during coupling. In order to improve the efficiency of the coupler, two-dimensional grating coupler is a better solution. It has two orthogonal waveguides and propagate the transverse-electric (TE) mode with opposite directions. And the transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is transferred to the TE mode when the light changes the propagating direction. In this paper, the two-dimensional grating coupler is designed to match the light whose wavelength is from 1260 nm to 1290 nm. The calculation and simulation method is finitedifference time domain (FDTD). After modeling and optimizing the structure, the coupling efficiency is 26.8%.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584790
In order to verify the performance about the surface of β-Ga2O3 as potocathode, we calculate some related properties, such as surface energy, band structure, density of states and absorption coefficient. The result is that the surface energy of β-Ga2O3 (0 1 0) is larger than β-Ga2O3 (1 0 0) surface, which is beneficial to the adsorption of cesium. The UV absorption efficiency of the β-Ga2O3 (0 1 0) surface meets the requirements of the photocathode This work can be used as a theoretical reference for UV-photocathodes.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584876
Electron bunch play an important role in science and industry applications. We put forward of a novel idea to generate electron beam and compress them short enough for further acceleration in this paper. Several hundred KeV electron beam can be generated by the interaction between relativistic laser and metal wire target. RF field in the cavity can be used to compress the bunch length of the electron beam by choosing RF phase for further acceleration in BEPC main accelerator. In simulation with ASTRA code, we inject 100keV~200keV, 41ps, 1nc electron beam into RF cavity, to compress the electron bunch length into ~10ps, and to increase the electron energy to 415keV, which is satisfied the requirement of BEPC on the electron source.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584886
Wireless ultra violet(UV) communication system has the characteristics of strong concealment and all-weather work, and can realize communication in a variety of environments. Establishing a wireless ultraviolet ranging model and introducing a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, the error performance of the MIMO system is calculated, and the influence of its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), transceiver elevation angle and communication distance on the error rate is analyzed by simulation. Calculation and analysis show that the use of multi-antenna MIMO communication technology can well reduce the bit error rate of the communication system, and improve the anti-fading ability, thereby improving the positioning and guidance accuracy of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) during flight.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584890
Compared with a single drone, the bee swarm unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) have a higher fault tolerance and mission accomplished rate. However, When the UAVs under a complex environment with electromagnetic interference, the communication connections will be interfered greatly, so the position information exchanging unable to work normally. The ultraviolet communication in this article has the advantages of non-line-of-sight, all-weather, and strong antiinterference ability. The structure of the ultraviolet beacon is designed to improve the communication quality and positioning capabilities of the bee swarm UAVs in electromagnetic interference. By building a flight guidance tracking error model and improving the performance of leader-follower algorithm, it is possible to solve the issue of large error feedback during the assembly of bee swarm UAVs. Finally, through simulation experiments to verify the accuracy of the above analysis.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584941
A Low light level (LLL) image compression circuit is studied based on improved Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet (EZW) algorithm to improve the real-time transmission performance. The improved EZW compression algorithm is implemented on TMS320C6455 DSP chip based on the theory of wavelet transform. And then a transmitter and receiver is designed which can transmit dynamic image in real time over a distance of 2 kilometers. Experiment and numerical results are presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
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Peng Xiao, Yu-Fen Wang, Zai-Kui Xiang, Lan-Jian Nie, Lei Wang, Chuan-Dong Rao, Bo Fu, Yan-An Jia, Zhu-Feng Shao, et al.
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584943
Silica glass has many excellent properties such as high spectral transmittance and radiation resistance, and is widely used in semiconductors, lasers, optical instruments and other fields. The high performance synthetic silica glass prepared by SiCl4 has the problem of pollution of tail gas and waste water in the process of production, while chlorine-free organic silicon used in the preparation of synthetic silica glass can effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution. In this review, combined with the recent studies on the synthesis of silica glass using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(OMCTS, D4) as raw materials, this review mainly review the purification of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and the preparation technology of synthetic silica glass, as well as the characteristics of the internal reaction mechanism, and the related technologies, the prospect of synthetic silica glass technology is forecasted.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584947
With the development demand of refined meteorological services and short-impending prediction, especially the requirement of "meteorological observation data to the forecaster's desk within one minute", higher software and hardware design requirements are put forward for the system performance of automatic weather station, such as large capacity, high-speed real-time performance and accuracy etc.Large capacity storage and high-speed real-time accurate reading and writing in the automatic weather station are the most front-end key points in the application of meteorological observation data transmission. The physical structure of NAND flash memory chip-K9LBG08U0M is analyzed based on the design of STM32 FSMC external scalable storage. The immediate mapping and addressing between the observation data and the physical address of the corresponding flash memory is established by taking the time offset of the observation data, which is the only primary key to one-to-one mapping relationship between them, and then high speed observation data access algorithm of the automatic weather station is generated, combining the storage characteristics of Nandflash. The observation data reading and writing of automatic weather stations are real-time, high-speed, accurate and stable, which is shown by the practical observation application of over 3000 automatic weather stations in the whole province, meeting the high-quality business development demand of "one minute to desktop" meteorological data from observation to forecast.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584949
A metamaterial perfect absorber for visible-near infrared broadband was proposed. The structure consists of four layers including reflective metal Ti layer, dielectric SiO2 layer, thin Ti layer, and the top single-sized Ti cylinder, which is named the generalized M/I/M absorber. We numerically studied the absorptivity of the absorber and achieved nearly perfect absorption via optimizing the structural parameters. Our Theoretical results show that (1) the maximum absorptivity in the high absorption window is as high as 99.96% over the wavelength range from 350~1400nm and the average absorptivity across the broadband was 98.21%. (2) this structure is insensitive to the incident angle of electromagnetic wave. We hope that such a device could be applied in solar energy absorption, thermal electronic equipment and perfect cloaking.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116170Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584965
On chip light source is an indispensable component in the silicon based-photonic circuits. The emerging transition metal dichalcogenides, a prototype of van der Waals materials that features direct bandgap electronic structures, high exciton binding energy and wide compatibility with different substrates, offer opportunities for implementing novel light emitting devices. Here, we demonstrate an electrically pumped nanoemitter consisting of an atomically thin p-n junction with WS2 monolayer as the channel material and ionic liquid as the gating dielectric. Strong and stable electroluminescence can be realized by adjusting the voltages of the source and drain electrodes. Meanwhile, the p-n junction can be driven back and forth between source and drain leading to a moving light spot with controlled position. Our results provide a new approach toward highly tunable light emitting devices based on TMDCs which could enable the integration with the photonic chips for a wide range of biomedicine, sensing and lighting applications.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161710 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584970
With the continuous impact of COVID-19, the demand for rapid genetic diagnosing at the inspection and quarantine site, emergency treatment of sudden infectious diseases and clinical in vitro diagnosis was increasing rapidly. In order to achieve rapid, automatic nucleic acid extraction and detection, an automatic diagnostic system which integrates nucleic acid extraction, amplification and biochip fluorescence detection is designed. The diagnostic system designed based on multidisciplinary intersection of biology, optoelectronics, machinery and computer technology. At first, the nucleic acid extraction part has 1-8 sample flux and uses the principle of the silicon filter can adsorb nucleic acid at different pH to achieve nucleic acid extraction. After the extraction process, the nucleic acid is injected into biochip through robotic arm. There is a specific microarray reaction chamber on the chip, which can be combined with a specific biological substance; Secondly the amplification part used the principle of flat-plate PCR to achieve nucleic acid amplification in the biochip; After amplification, the nucleic acid detection realized under the irradiation of the excitation light at 530nm, the specificity target on the biochip will emit light, thus the fluorescence image scanned by COMS camera and the result analyzed by the software on PC; At last device control, automation and detection of the integrated device realized by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and CAN communication method to establish a device communication network. The diagnostic system will automate workflow, and provides a result that reports on the detection and interpretation of targets in the samples. The imaging module resolution was less than 10 microns/pixel. The CV value of the sample was less than 10%. The results provide that the diagnostic system can provide more accurate and more automated equipment for nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161711 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584972
Liquid crystal materials don’t emit light, and its phase difference is connections with viewing angle. In general, the brightness of liquid crystal displays (LCD) is limited and the color shift apparently exists at large viewing angles. Furthermore, the same problem is also emerged in organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. Microcavity resonance effect in OLED seriously affects the luminance and brings about “blue shift” as viewing angle increases. We propose an optical film with micro-prism to improve the viewing angle characteristics of LCD and OLED, which can increase the brightness and decrease the color shift. Excellent agreements supported by simulations and experiments are obtained. The proposed optical film is coated on a 75in. 8K (7680×4320) LCD to measure the optical parameters. When the viewing (polar) angle is between ±60° and a white pattern is displayed, the maximum color shift Δμ'v' can be decreased from 0.027 to 0.006 after the proposed optical film is introduced. Moreover, the brightness at large viewing angles is enhanced obviously, both theoretical and experimental results are proved that the luminance is about 5%~40% higher than previous when the viewing angle ranges from 30° to 60° correspondingly.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161712 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584974
We develop the channel capacity of atmosphere turbulence links with carrier Bessel-Gaussian vortex localized wave. By this capacity model, we investigate the influences of atmosphere turbulence and carrier parameters on the channel capacity. The results show that as the increase of the refractive index structure constant, channel capacity of links decreases, with the increase of Quantum number M, the channel capacity increase. This work provides a theoretical basis for realizing high capacity atmosphere optical communication with carrier Bessel-Gaussian vortex localized wave.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161713 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584981
Phase-modulated collinear holographic storage is promising high storage density at cost of high raw bit error rate. We first performed a simulation to analyze the bit-error-rate characteristics of phase-modulated collinear holographic storage under different noise intensity. To ensure high storage capacity with acceptable user biterror-rate, LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) is introduced to ensure data reliability. We further analyze the LDPC code error correction performance under different factors and determine the appropriate hardware parameters for the LDPC decoder. Finally, we use High Level Synthesis to fast implement and optimize an LDPC FPGA-based hardware decoder, named as HDecoder. HDecoder achieves 204Mbps decoding throughput, 150x and 4850x higher than CPU-based software decoder and the HLS-based vanilla hardware decoder. Compare to HLS-based vanilla LDPC decoder, HDecoder consumes 55x lower hardware resource per Mbps.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161714 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585010
The applications of femtosecond lasers are undergoing a period of explosive growth in the laser micromachining market. We demonstrated an all-normal-dispersion figure-8 mode-locked fiber oscillator using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror, delivering laser pulses with 8.2-nJ pulse energy. The spectral bandwidth of 10 nm is realized at the repetition rate of 10 MHz. The pulse width of the chirped pulses is 6.7 ps and the output pulses can be compressed to below 200 fs. An all-normal-dispersion figure-9 laser is also presented in this letter. The repetition rate of the laser can be improved to 25.7 MHz. Owing to their compact sizes, high stability and superior self-starting ability, the all-normal-dispersion figure-8 and figure-9 lasers have the potential to be used in industrial grade femtosecond laser systems.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161715 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585014
Paper is known to have good flexible and hydrophilic characteristics, making it a potential candidate material to fabricate flexible humidity sensor. The key technology for fabricating paper-based (PB) humidity sensor is to prepare electrodes on the surface of paper. However, the preparation of electrodes on the flexible paper usually involves complex processes and expensive raw materials. In this work, inspired by the traditional writing art with carbon ink, a facile PB humidity sensor is fabricated by drawing the daily available carbon ink on paper as the electrodes. The results show that the PB humidity sensor exhibits an excellent humidity sensing response of more than 1000 as well good linearity (R2 = 0.9981) within the humidity range from 18.7% to 91.5% relative humidity (RH). Owing to the good flexibility and fast response rate (~7.5 nA/s, current change rate of the humidity sensor from18.7% to 91.5% RH), endowing the PB humidity sensor has multifunctional applications for breath rate, baby diaper wetting, and vertical space humidity distribution monitoring. Moreover, the PB humidity sensor can be directly disposed by a simple and cost-saving combustion method. This work provides a helpful guidance for the preparation of flexible, low-cost, eco-friendly and multifunctional humidity sensor, and expands the application of daily available carbon ink in the field of electrodes.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161716 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585020
The development of low-orbit (LEO) satellites has attracted wide attention from industry and academia. Due to the scarcity of spectrum resources, LEO satellites in spectrum use respect have to share spectrum with other systems in space. In order to alleviate the shortage of space spectrum resources, spectrum sharing has been widely paid attention. Focusing on the sharing of spectrum between low-orbit (LEO) satellites and legacy geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, a cognitive collaboration optimization method for sharing spectrum among LEO satellite groups and GEO satellite is proposed. At the expense of assisting in relaying information from GEO satellite, LEO satellite groups are granted the right to use the authorized spectrum of GEO satellite. With the minimum transmit rate of GEO satellite guaranteed and the transmit power threshold of each LEO satellite as the constraints, the optimization problem by optimizing forward matrix and precoding vector at each LEO satellite is established to maximize the minimum transmission rate in LEO satellite group. Considering established non-convex optimization problem, precoding vector and forward matrix optimization solving algorithm is proposed by jointly adopting bisection method, primal-contrapositive transform and primal-dual method. The proposed scheme is validated through numerical simulation. This paper provides a potential spectrum sharing method among GEO and LEO satellites to support theoretical basis and experimental data for parameter design, such as the number of LEO satellites participating in the cooperation. The cooperation performance and cooperative node selection in space time-dependent networks will be discussed in future research.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161717 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585023
In order to further study the application of laser technology in Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (C-UAS), this paper makes a systematic, analytical, comprehensive and cutting-edge summary of a large number of literatures. On this basis, about 545 C-UAS products from 38 countries of origin and 277 manufacturers around the world are analyzed, with emphasis on products with laser interception capability. In the process of discussion, on the one hand, the development of laser C-UAS systems in different countries and their successful applications in practical tasks are reviewed longitudinally with time as a clue; on the other hand, the data statistics from multiple angles of existing laser C-UAS systems around the world are carried out horizontally. Finally, on the basis of a large number of literature analysis, several main bottlenecks in the future development of HEL systems are extracted, and the future development trend are prospected.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161718 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585040
Zoom CAM curve is an important part of the optical system imaging. The processing accuracy of the curve directly affects the image clarity and consistency of the optical system. In this paper, a high precision measuring device for zoom CAM curve is designed, and an optimization method of testing results is adopted. According to the curve of the CAM rotation Angle and the number of teeth on the surface of the cylindrical, with mesh number as the sample size, relative to the CAM follower parts through the grating ruler curve of linear displacement measurement and corresponding data fitting. The regression analysis method is adopted to analyze the measurement results of the grating ruler based on the detection of the altimeter, and the regression equation is obtained and modified to optimize the measurement fitting data, so as to finally improve the detection accuracy of the zoom CAM curve. The confidence interval of machining accuracy based on grating ruler CAM curve is analyzed and evaluated by an example. The results show that the zoom CAM curve detection device and result optimization method proposed in this paper have the characteristics of high accuracy, high stability and easy realization.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161719 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585093
A simple and low cost, integrated, fully passive optical network of free-space optics (FSO) and indoor visible light communication (VLC) technique, which can be used for both solid-state lighting and last-mile access network, is proposed in this paper. As a proof of a concept, a non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation scheme for transmission over an integrated fully passive optical link of 7-m FSO, 2-m plastic optical fiber and 30-cm VLC was demonstrated by achieving 1.4-Gbps data rate with a bit error rate of 2.6 ×10−3. The phosphor film diverges the blue laser beam to a white light spot covering a radian angle up to approximately 120° with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage CIE of (0.3439, 0.3541), which is very close to the perfect white area of CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates (0.3333, 0.3333). Additionally, the generated white-light exhibits low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5056 K and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 91. The proposed technique will find a wide range of applications in integrated, fully passive optical networks of free-space optics and indoor visible light communication.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585096
One dimensional (1D) Cr nanograting fabricated by laser-focused atomic deposition (LFAD) is suitable for reference materials in nanometrology, owing to its self-traceable to SI meter definition and high accuracy with good uniformity. For further preparing small-scale and traceable reference materials, extremely ultraviolet (EUV) interference lithography with 13.4nm wavelength is utilized to accurately shorten the grating pitch of Cr nanograting (212.8nm). Diffraction efficiency is a key attribute in EUV interference lithography. In this paper, based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), diffraction efficiency with EUV light of Cr nanograting was studied. Impacts such as EUV light wavelength, background layer and grating height were mainly taken into consideration. The result shows that Cr background layer has significant influence on diffraction efficiency of Cr nanograting, and an optimized diffraction efficiency of the first diffraction order about 1.4% has been achieved under the practical experimental condition.
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Bohao Liu, Guangzhong Xie, Huiling Tai, Yuanjie Su, Yadong Jiang
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585108
In this work, an acetone sensor enabled by a vertical contact-separate mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was proposed. Using a combined coacervation/precipitation synthesis and spray coating method, chitosan nanoparticle decorated tungsten disulfide nanosheet (CS-NP/WS2-NS) that acted both as the triboelectric and sensing film was prepared and then assembled with microstructure-decorated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film to obtain triboelectric acetone sensor. For comparison, CS-NP based sensor was prepared through the same method. The morphology and chemical properties of the fabricated sensors based on CS-NP and CS-NP/WS2-NS film were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XPS, respectively. Combined the contact separation between CS-NP/WS2-NS sensing film and PDMS with the electrostatic induction, the output signals were produced by the flow of induced charge between the electrodes. Results indicated that the CS-NP/WS2-NS based sensor exhibited a higher response (26.70%) toward 10 ppm of acetone compared to the CS-NP based sensor (7.12%). Meanwhile, both the two sensors held a linear response towards 2-10 ppm acetone (correlation coefficients are 0.9661 and 0.8518, respectively). In conclusion, the CS-NP/WS2-NS gas sensor has great potential in the applications of acetone detection without additional power supplies and provides a useful strategy for the researches of novel acetone sensors enabled by triboelectric effect.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585114
Hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanospheres with diameter of about 1 μm have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process by controlling the concentration of sulfur and molybdenum sources. The results show that the MoS2 nanospheres are self-assembled by numerous nanosheets, and the concentration of reactants plays a key role in the formation of the hierarchical MoS2 nanospheres. Specifically, the thickness of the nanosheets decreases gradually with the increasing concentration of reactants within certain limits. In addition, the possible mechanism of MoS2 nanospheres formation is proposed through analyzing the experimental results. Firstly, a fast nucleation of amorphous MoS2 particles occurs in the hydrothermal process by the oxidation–reduction reaction. Subsequently, the MoS2 nanoparticles start to spontaneously aggregate into MoS2 nanosheets according to their crystal growth habit. In the case of the appropriate concentration of reactants, the nanosheets are self-oriented and assembled by degrees to form the nanospheres driven by reducing surface energy. Finally, well-defined MoS2 nanospheres are formed through the Ostwald ripening process. The research will open a window to prepare novel hierarchical 3D MoS2 assembled by low dimensional nanoscale building blocks and the analysis of mechanism can also be used to discuss other transition-metal sulfides.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171D (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585142
High-speed trains (HSTs) are very importance in public transportation. However, current radio frequency (RF) wireless access technologies cannot satisfy the demands of stable and high-rate transmissions for HSTs. Free space optical (FSO) communication is an alternative way to promote data rate. In this paper, we apply single-input multi-output (SIMO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technologies to the FSO communication for HSTs to enhance system performance. Besides, we investigate the laser diode rotating strategy for the MIMO FSO communication system to further improve the BER performance. Analytical and simulation results are provided to verify the enhancement of the MIMO FSO communication system
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585148
The fused silica glass is needed in the electronics and micro manufacturing industry. The thickness requirement is 0.02 ~ 0.2mm, which is difficult to be achieved by traditional machining. In this paper, a new thinning technology is proposed. Through the combination of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP and chemical etching, ultra-thin fused silica glass with diameter of 50 mm, thickness of 0.05 mm and Ra<1 nm can be prepared. It was also found that the fused silica glass could be thinned uniformly and efficiently by high-speed rotation and adding active agent in the chemical etching process.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585154
Silica glass synthesized by plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process is called water-free silica glass or type IV silica glass. It exhibits low optical absorption because of low content of hydroxyl and other impurities. So it is excellent optical material and indispensable in high power laser technology. The status of plasma dramatically influences deposition quality of type IV silica glass. The influence of ionization gas component on electron temperature was investigated by changing proportion of mixing argon into air. Status of plasma and morphology of the SiO2 particles were studied.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585155
Reducing the size of devices and the loss of waveguides are two significant research contents in integrated optics. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguides can break the diffraction limit and provide tight light confinement, however, they are subject to unavoidable high propagation loss due to the metallic ohmic loss. Traditional dielectric waveguides can propagate light with ultralow loss, but they are subject to the diffraction limit in each direction which will result in large mode size. In general, mode size and loss of waveguides are mutually restricted. Here, we proposed an all-dielectric nanowire waveguide which can confine light into nanoscale gap region and realize deep subwavelength mode confinement in two dimensions. A normalized mode area of 1.4×10-2 is achieved, which keeps on the same level with the plasmonic waveguides. The strong mode confinement is attributed to the discontinuity of the normal component of electric field at the interface of two materials. We determined the supported mode of the all-dielectric nanowire waveguide is quasi-TM mode by analyzing the electric vector distributions. The quasi-TM eigenmode is lossless in theory because of no metal components, which is consistent with our simulation results. The lossless propagation in theory is a significant breakthrough compared to the plasmonic waveguides. The all-dielectric nanowire waveguide realizes both subwavelength mode confinement and low-loss propagation simultaneously, conquers the trade-off between mode size and loss of waveguides in theory.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585158
Automatic measurement of single points schema by coordinate measuring machine(CMM) is used to measure the Ultra-Long curvature radius of spherical optical element. The removal quantity of each measuring point can be calculated through contrasting the measure value and the theoretical value. A removal model of spherical optical element polishing is established based on Preston equation, and the required machining parameters are predicted by removal simulation in MATLAB. A processing test on a fused silicon with an aperture of 440mm×440mm was performed and the result shows that the model is effective in Ultra-Long curvature radius control of spherical optical element during full aperture polishing.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585159
Through the laser cooling technique, the temperature of cold atom or ion reaches nK level. With the advantage of highly controllable property, cold atom systems have been widely applied to quantum precision measurement, atomic spectroscopy, quantum computer, quantum simulation. It is vital to analyze the cold atom system exactly. By introducing a Bethe-type wavefunction, we investigate the two-body fermion system interacted by synthetic gauge field and contact interaction in a ring trap. The exact energy spectrum has been given, which show lower eigenenergy compared to the system without spin-orbit coupling. The density distributions and momentum distributions have been analyzed for various spin-orbit coupling parameters.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585164
MXene, as a group of prominent two-dimensional (2D) materials, has attracted the attention in the field of sensors due to its large specific surface area, good electronic conductivity and abundant functional groups. In addition to the widely reported titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), other MXene nanomaterials are gradually developed in recent years. Herein, niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) MXene with ultrathin nanosheets is synthesized through the typical liquid-phase exfoliation (hydrofluoric acid) and special delamination (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) method. The resistive-type humidity sensor prepared by simple dropping coating is tested at room temperature (25 °C). The results show that the resistance variation of the Nb2CTx humidity sensor is more than three orders of magnitude within the humidity range from 0 to 91.5 % relative humidity (RH) and the response (recovery) time of the sensor is only 1 s (8 s). Moreover, the Nb2CTx humidity sensor exhibits small humidity hysteresis (∼2.5 %RH) and good linearity. Ultrathin Nb2CTx nanosheets provide copious adsorption sites for water molecules, the ionization of physical adsorbed water molecules leads to a rapid decline in resistance. The ultrafast response of Nb2CTx sensor is expected to be applied in the field of industry, agriculture and human-respiration humidity monitoring.
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Qi Huang, Yadong Jiang, Zhen Yuan, He Yu, Huiling Tai
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585167
Flexible pressure sensor is essential in various applications, including health monitoring, soft robots, and human machine interfaces. However, it is a challenge to fabricate high-performance flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide detection range. Herein, inspired by the microstructure of skin epidermis, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with micro-papillae structure is proposed. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with rough surface molded from abrasive paper is utilized as the flexible substrate. Then, the conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film is deposited on the prepared substrate via spray-coating method to form MWCNT-PDMS membrane. A piezoresistive pressure sensor is obtained by putting two as-prepared membranes face-to-face. For comparison, a sensor with flat PDMS is prepared through the same method. Results show that the micro-papillae structure pressure sensor achieves a 5.79-fold increase in pressure sensitivity (11.93 kPa-1) compared to that of the pressure sensor with flat PDMS (2.06 kPa-1). Meanwhile, the structured pressure sensor exhibits a wide detection range (0.04-107 kPa), rapid response (179 ms), and excellent stability over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to investigate the influence of micropapillae structure on the sensing performance of sensor. Under force loading, a homogeneous stress distribution of the sensor with flat PDMS is observed, while the stress of the sensor with micro-papillae structure is concentrated on the micro-papillae, which enhances the sensitivity of sensor. Finally, the structured pressure sensor is utilized to monitor human physiological signals and different human motions, including breathing rate, feet movement, and finger bending.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585171
We demonstrate a novel approach to characterize the microresonators using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). We analyzed the microresonators in both the spatial and spectral domains by a modified OFDR, which can reach a sensitivity of -130dB. We also provide a model to extract the free spectral range (FSR) of a microresonator from the backscattered signal. We fabricated three silica microresonators with different coupling conditions. The transmission differences between these samples can be shown clearly in the distributed loss curves. The power attenuation factor and the relative coupling strength of the microresonator can be derived from the OFDR data.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585185
With the tremendous development of synchrotron radiation source in recent years, large-size X-ray mirrors are demanded. The linear magnetron sputtering target is suitable for preparation of these mirrors. Uniformity and roughness are important determinants of the mirror reflectivity. However, the uniformity of large mirror is difficult to control for the uniform sputtering area of the target is always limited. In addition, for the shape and large size of linear target, a lot of sputtering particles are deposited on the substrate with large incident angles which could lead to an increased roughness of the film. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the sputtering and deposition rules of particles. By summarized many theories about particle sputtering and deposition and combined them with the equipment in our laboratory, a theoretical model was established to calculate the deposition distribution of particles.Two sets of experiments with target-to-substrate distances of 8cm and 10cm were carried out to verify that our model can simulate the deposition distribution of particles accurately through measuring all the silicon substrates pasted on the sample holder. Good results were obtained in both experiments which shows that our model can correctly calculate the distribution of particles.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585196
We have designed electrically pumped sub-micron lasers on the SOI substrates, and proposed to incorporate InP tunnel junctions into sub-micron lasers to reduce carrier absorption loss. Numerical simulations show that the sub-micron laser is able to support a stable optical guide mode with a metal absorption loss of 2.13 dB/cm. And after doping, carrier absorption loss of the sub-micron laser without a tunnel junction is 11.67 dB/cm while carrier absorption loss of the sub-micron laser with InP tunnel junction is 6.72dB/cm. By incorporating InP tunnel junction, carrier absorption loss of the sub-micron laser is reduced by 42% so that a lower lasing threshold is obtained. The optimization of metal absorption loss and carrier absorption loss are of great significance for electrically pumped lasing, which promotes the realization of silicon-optical full integration
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585197
In this paper, an active frequency selective surface (AFSS) with tunable frequency passbands is proposed. The AFSS structure is composed of three metallic layers that separated by two thin dielectric substrates. The tunable passband characteristics can be achieved by embedding PIN diodes on the top and bottom metallic layer. By switching the on-off state of PIN diodes on the top and bottom layer, the resonant frequency will change, thus realizing the passband tunability. Meanwhile, the AFSS structure has good angular stability in the large oblique incidence.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585204
Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) is a common in-situ monitoring device for crystal thin films, which can monitor the thin films in the process of growth in real time and without damage. This paper reports the RHEED and difference system principle, RHEED in the development of low vacuum and its application in the atomic layer deposition (ALD).
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585207
Quality of exposures in step and scan lithographic equipment highly depends on the synchronization of wafer and reticle stage. In order to increase the synchronization between the two stages, a high precision synchronization control method for scanning movement of reticle and wafer stage based on phase compensation of tracking error with the same frequency is presented. This method is quite different from the traditional ones, which just focus on designing the synchronization control systems of wafer and reticle stage. In this paper, with the analysis of relationship between MA, MSD and correlation of tracking errors, the estimation of tracking error and the phase compensation with same frequency, the performance of synchronization control for reticle and wafer stage is improved notably. Compared with the traditional ones, this method has advantage of higher precision, lower cost and greater portability.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585225
The NOMA-based VLC systems require channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, which increases the computational complexity and feedback overhead. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes an effective NOMA scheme for indoor VLC systems, in which the quantized CSI, instead of the full CSI, is used for user pairing and power allocation at the transmitter. Simulation results show that although the performance has some fluctuation in the single trial, the average performance of random trials is almost the same as that of the traditional scheme.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585226
Glass is one of the most important materials in industrial applications because of its high hardness, high thermal stability, and high transparency in the visible band. In general, it is very difficult to process glass with near-infrared, visible, and near-ultraviolet lasers. Physically speaking, the absorption coefficient of the glass sheet is one of the most crucial factors for processing efficiency, and it can be influenced by the temperature of a glass sheet. Therefore, to obtain the optimal processing efficiency, the influence of the temperature on the absorption coefficient should be studied in detail. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally studied the relationship between the absorption coefficient and the temperature to improve the processing efficiency. A tunable near-ultraviolet Nd:YAG frequency-tripled harmonic laser with the wavelength ranging from 270 to 400 nm was utilized to measure the absorption coefficient, and a Peltier temperature controller was used to heat the glass sheet. It has been demonstrated that controlling the temperature is an efficient method to process the transparent glass sheet.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585228
An in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) sensor was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneously measuring transverse pressure and temperature. The MZI is fabricated by simply splicing the two ends of a segment multicore fiber (MCF) with two short sections of multimode fibers (MMFs) using a commercial fusion splicer. The transverse pressure and temperature characteristics of the sensor have been investigated in experiment. The results show that the transmission spectra shift when the external transverse pressure and temperature variation, and different spectral responses of the resonant dips are observed, which indicates that the sensor can realize simultaneous transverse pressure and temperature measurement by monitoring the wavelength changes of two resonant dips. The obtained sensitivities can reach up to 112pm/N and 43pmm/°C, respectively.The proposed sensor has the potential application in the fields where both temperature and transverse pressure measurments are required
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585236
In order to improve the coverage performance and rapid response capability of the satellite, make full use of satellite service resources under the cross domain and multi-systems, aimed at satellite resource scheduling problem based on user's demands, we put forward a comprehensive framework of task and satellite resource model, to realize the efficient execution of multi-tasks and maintenance of satellite-ground resources among different systems. The main contents are the introduction of the overall architecture of the system, including satellite demand-mission mapping model and the research of clustering and merging method. Driven by demands, in order to make full use of satellite resources, we conduct unified scheduling and management of different kinds of space resources and ground resources. Combine satellite and ground resources using automatic path planning to realize rapid resource allocation; Maintain the usage of resources, implement prediction and rescheduling, to make sure the successful execution and completion of tasks to the greatest extent; Research on Modeling of a scalable service platform, realize the controllability of resources by maintaining the virtual resource service pool of satellite-ground integration, which provides convenience for mission planning and resource scheduling. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the rationality of the multi-domain satellite mission planning system framework, which provides reference for the research of satellite resource scheduling mission planning system.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585239
A broadband photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converter (PTS-ADC) based on complementary parallel singlesideband (SSB) modulation architecture is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using a dissipative soliton-based passively mode-locked fiber laser (MLL). The experiment results indicate that the proposed scheme can increase the effective input analog bandwidth and remove the pulse-envelope-induced distortion. The signal-to-noise ratio of the photonic time stretch system can be guaranteed by using the dissipative soliton-based MLL. Therefore, a broadband PTSADC with input frequency of 2GHz to 25 GHz is constructed and an ENOB of beyond 3 bits is achieved.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585241
With the development of Internet and IoT (Internet of Things), the specificity and sensitivity of traditional sensors cannot meet the multi-task requirements in complex environments. The sensor array can solve the limitation that a single sensor can only detect one target to a certain extent. However, the sensor array still cannot solve the recognition of cross-sensitive similar target. This work proposes a solution based on machine learning that can greatly improve the specificity of traditional sensors. It can potentially be used in non-contact breathing diagnosis. Firstly, carbon nanotube materials were chose as electrical carriers, taking advantage of its high specific surface area and high electron mobility characteristics. Secondly, a series of organic molecules are designed to modify carbon nanotubes. The ability of organic materials to capture amines enables response output to amine gases. In order to meet the needs of exhaled breath diagnosis, we need to further distinguish amines with high similarity (ammonia, n-propylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine). Therefore, we have adopted the method of machine learning. The data of resistance with time collected by the sensor array are input as eigenvalues into a pre-designed neural network model for training. The trained model can achieve over 80% recognition accuracy in testing data. The purpose of this work is to propose a new and better solution to the detection of targets with cross-sensitivity, thereby improving the selectivity of the sensor. It provides the possibility to use it under different requirements to achieve intelligent detection.
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Lingna Xu, Yifan Cheng, Tianen Chen, Rong Mao, Han Zhong, Bo Huang
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585242
The power industry is the pillar and foundation of the national economy. Among various power cables, XLPE insulated power cables have become a major variety of high-voltage power cables and have received widespread attention in recent years because of excellent electrical properties, good mechanical properties, good heat resistance, and simple structures. The maximum long-term operating temperature is 90℃. Once the temperature is exceeded for a long time, the aging will be accelerated and the life will be greatly reduced. It is found through testing that if the cables overheat, ethylene gas will be emitted. Therefore, if the ethylene gas sensor is used, the cable status can be effectively monitored in a timely manner and faults can be found to ensure the safety and long-term stability of the cable. This paper mainly studies the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-flower NiO and its detection of ethylene gas generated during the operation of XLPE power cables. A simple nano-flower NiO was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. NiO is prepared as ethylene gas sensor, and the experimental results show that its gas sensing performance is better. From the analysis of the experimental results, it can be seen that the detection limit of nano flower-shaped NiO to ethylene is low and the response value is large, indicating that NiO can be used to prepare a sensor for detecting cable faults, which provides a direction for the fault detection of cross-linked polyethylene power cables in the future.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585249
As the spectrum of each pulse from XFEL (X-ray free electron lasers, XFEL) undulator (often referred as pink X-ray) varied between each other, it is necessary to measure the intensity and spectrum of each pulse. The major parameters of the spectrometer are the facet of bent crystal, the Bragg angle, the transmittance (related to the material, its thickness and transmission angle), energy range and energy resolution. An ultrathin Si wafer was put above a concave lens and under a convex lens. Bending was achieved by applying the pressure, then the Si wafer with 25μm thickness would be regularly bent onto the concave profile until the convex substrate, Si wafer and the concave lens were overlap. The cylindrical substrates were provided with holes to let the FEL beam through the crystal, and the radius of curvature could be varied from 0.2m to 1m. The crystal orientation and miscut angle were measured by a high resolution X-ray diffractometer. Finally, the energy dispersion spectra were measured by a spectrometer built in laboratory.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116171Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585250
Varied line spacing (VLS) grating can correct the optical aberrations by optimization of the groove density parameters. This kind of grating is widely used nowadays and is the key optical element of high resolution monochromators and spectrometers in VUV and soft X-ray region. The groove density parameters can directly influence the imaging properties of grating and should be measured correctly for performance evaluation of grating spectral instruments. In this paper, a method based on diffraction principal of grating was presented. Different from the conventional diffraction methods which suffer from eccentricity effect and need a high precision rotation stage to get high measuring accuracy, a linear stage instead which is much cheaper was used in this new method. The grating groove density was obtained by measuring the distance of different diffraction orders in one line in this presented method and it is applicable to gratings of arbitrary surface profile. The measuring procedure and the deduced useful formulas would be presented in detail, and the measuring accuracy would be analyzed.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161720 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585252
In this work, we report the influence of laser intensity, via laser direct writing focus on a photoresist, on the different dimensions of the microstructure. A series of laser intensities (30mW, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%) are conducted and the reaction mechanism between laser and photoresist is also proposed. The microstructure size increased with laser intensity and the optimum laser intensity is found to be 45% for both 2μm and 4μm microstructure. The micropore size remains the same size during the whole process (master disc-nickel disc-son disc) indicating the excellent stability and reliability of the process. Additionally, the demolding process during the production of son disc is smooth due to the controlled angle between Ni base surface and photoresist. This work proves the feasibility and compatibility of the production of a new physical format for long-life holographic storage disc, which significantly increase the storage density, access speed and shelf life compared to traditional disc, by applying traditional processing method (master disc-Ni discson disc).
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161721 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585254
The 3D photonic integrated structure can increase the integration density of the device on a limited chip area, so that the chip has a higher optical interconnection capability. A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is one of the key components for manipulating different polarization states in the areas of optical interconnection and communication. In this paper, a novel interlayer PBS based on an asymmetrical directional coupler (DC) was proposed, which consists of a silicon rib waveguide (WG) and a silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip WG with a gap of 850 nm. By carefully adjusting the geometric parameters of the DC, the phase matching condition between these two WGs can be satisfied for the TM polarization, while the coupling efficiency of the TE polarization is frustrated due to the large phase mismatch. By adding a filter to the thru port the performance of the proposed PBS is improved. The device with a 220 nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) WG and a 700 nm × 400 nm Si3N4 WG operates in a broadband width of 100 nm, with an extinction ratio (ER) <20 dB. The insertion losses (ILs) are <0.22 dB for both TE and TM polarizations at a wavelength of 1550 nm. At the same time, our design parameters conform to the Multi Project Wafer (MPW) process conditions, and the device is highly implementable. The device is potential to use for the on-chip 3D optical interconnect in the future.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161722 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585255
Cantilever enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (CEPAS) technology improves the detection ability of weak gas photoacoustic signal effectively utilizing a micro-cantilever acoustic sensor instead of capacitive microphone, which can achieve highly sensitive detection of CO2 and has great significance for environmental monitoring, industrial production control and regional carbon emission monitoring and other applications. A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (F-P) sensor with a cantilever structure is designed in this work to overcome the disadvantage of the complication of traditional mechanical cantilever photoacoustic spectroscopy system. The photoacoustic spectroscopy system is established based on the resonance enhancement of the fiber cantilever acoustic sensor with a 2.0 μm distributed feedback (DFB) laser, which combines the technologies of wavelength modulation and second-harmonic detection for measuring CO2 concentration. The experimental results show that the concentration calibration curve has a good correlation of 0.9765, and the detection limit of CO2 concentration reaches 0.044×10-6, which verifies the feasibility of the system for detecting atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161723 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585256
A compact and broadband optical 90° hybrid based on a 2×4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler using the Si3N4 technology is proposed. The effects of MMI length, width, and wavelength on optical power transmission are investigated. With the length of 217 μm for the 2×4 MMI coupler, this optical 90° hybrid shows a maximum phase error of 5°, an excess loss of 1 dB, and a transmission imbalance of 1 dB over a 75-nm-wide wavelength range.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161724 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585261
In this paper, we propose an enhanced reconstruction method of NR-LDPC codes for ultra-high capacity Petahertz (PHz) communications. We redesign the protograph of NR-LDPC codes by partially increasing column weights under BDD structure in the parity part and adjusting the column weights in the information part where the single diagonal in Raptor-like structure is reasonably maintained to guarantee the waterfall performance and linear complexity encoding. After that, the simplified EMPEG algorithm is used to optimize the shifting values of the non-zero positions in the new protograph, so that error floor can be further lowered with almost no performance loss at waterfall region. Simulation results show that the enhanced reconstructions of NR-LDPC codes with moderate block lengths can significantly lower the error floors from the BER of 10−7 to 10−10 or lower, which makes the NR-LDPC codes easily applicable for high capacity PHz communications.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161725 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585265
Self-developed three- primary color laser projection TV based on RGB (RED, GREEN, BLUE) laser diode is given by this paper. Laser diode has very narrow line-width, high color purity and saturation, and displays more colorful and gorgeous image. In this work, the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect is applied for studying the enhanced perceived brightness of the RGB laser projection television. The experiments are designed for the difference perceived brightness between the RGB laser projector TV and the Blue laser- excited phosphor laser projection TV. The ratio of the enhanced perceived brightness of RGB laser projector TV is evaluated.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161726 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585266
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been an important diagnosis tool for ophthalmic diseases because of its non-invasive and high-resolution feature. The image quality can effectively decrease because of the jitter from human body and eye, especially the distortion of the 3d reconstructed retinal images. A correction method for three-dimensional OCT retinal image based on curve fitting is proposed in this paper. The OCT retina image boundary is extracted and fitting by the preprocessing. Through frame sampling and curve fitting, the offset of each frame slice image is calculated. The experimental results show that the distortion of the OCT retina three-dimensional reconstruction image can be significantly corrected by the proposed method.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161727 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585268
In this paper, firstly, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of measurement of laser linewidth by delayed self-heterodyne method is introduced,and the essence of the method is analyzed theoretically. The core components of the measurement system are introduced in detail.Secondly, the self-developed scheme of semiconductor laser with external dual- cavity self-injection structure of the adjustable time-delay fiber is proposed. The linewidth results of lasers with different lengths of time-delay fiber are tested for the single-mode optical fiber system. The power variation of different structures is analyzed. Finally, A narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser with a mean power of 4 mW, a mean linewidth of 1.96 kHz and the side mode suppression ratio is more than 35 dBm is obtained.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161728 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585277
In this paper, a micro-projection display with telecentric beam path in image space is designed. The device consists of a 0.26-inch liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), a polarizing beam splitting cube and a hybrid refractive-diffractive eyepiece. The refractive-diffractive eyepiece has a focal length of 9.16 mm, a full field of view of 40° and a spectral bandwidth of 422~632 nm. The eyepiece is optimized by the wide-angle eyepiece, which consists of four optical lenses. The designed hybrid refractive-diffractive micro-projection display system has good projection effect while using a small number of lenses in a simple structure. This provides a reference for the future development of lightweight micro-projection systems.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161729 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585282
Aiming at drawbacks of slow convergence rate and easy to fall into local optima in current control algorithms of wavefront sensorless (WFSless) adaptive optics (AO), this paper proposes a moment estimation optimization algorithm based on stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. This algorithm extracts the gradient descent term in the SPGD algorithm and applies exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) on the gradient descent term and the square of the gradient descent term respectively: the former is used as a new gradient descent term in the SPGD algorithm to speed up the convergence rate while the latter constrains the stride to improve the correction accuracy. Numerical simulations indicate that under different turbulence strengths, proposed method can approximately reach the correction effect of diffraction limit while acquire faster convergence rate and higher correction accuracy than SPGD.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585283
Optical imaging systems operating in the deep ultraviolet (UV) waveband have many applications in nanofabrication, medical and cellular imaging. However, Current deep UV optical systems are large form factors and complications since they usually base on the refractive lens and the limitation of available materials in deep UV waveband. The main reason is that chromatic and thermal aberration of the refractive lens is challenging to correct under limited available materials. In this paper, we proposed to use a single diffractive optical element (DOE) to construct a lightweight and ultra-thin UV imaging system. The achromatic realize base on the end-to-end design of the DOE and the following image processing algorithm. The athermalization achieves due to the inherent small thermal aberration of DOE. We design a DOE with a focal length of 50 mm, F-number of 4, and effective thickness of only 1μm for deep UV application. Simulation results show it realized excellent deep UV imaging performance over the waveband of 240 nm ~ 280 nm and working temperature range of - 40 °C ~ + 80 °C.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585302
The large and thin plane optical windows are used in large high power laser devices. Typically conventional methods such as stressed-lap polishing and small-tool pitch polishing are used to manufacture these optics. Nevertheless, the required wavefront accuracy cannot be achieved by the last smal-tool pitch polishing process which can lead to middle spatial frequency errors and high-slope errors because of the edge effect , unstable removal rate and pressure -loaded deformation. Ion Beam Figuring (IBF) technology is an optical fabrication method which can highly correct different spatial frequency errors due to the highly deterministic, highly stable, very small tools and noncontact. In this paper, IBF was employed to correct different spatial frequency errors of a large and thin plane optical windows. Before IBF, transmission wavefront error of the substrate was 0.51λ PV, 32.3nm/cm GRMS, 2.91nm PSD1, 0.27nm PSD2, 0.38nm Rq after being polished by double-sided polishing machine, and was improved to 0.07λ PV, 2.1nm/cm GRMS, 1.76nm PSD1, 0.13nmPSD2, 0.33nmRq after only two IBF(about thirty six hours processing time). All spatial frequency errors reached the required values.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585304
A series of two-dimensional TiX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) monolayers and their corresponding van der Waals heterostructures were predicted by the first-principle calculations. The dynamic and thermodynamic stability of TiX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) monolayers are confirmed by the phonon spectra and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. The Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof-based band values are 0.311-0.989 eV, showing the tunable transition probability between valence and conduction band. Additionally, the significant visible-light absorption coefficient (~ 105 cm-1) and high power conversion efficiency (~12%) of TiBr2/TiCl2 heterojunctions provide promising potentials for solar cells.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585312
For the fact that the submarine cable has no sensing function and can’t sense external threats (such as anchor damage, manmade damage, etc.) in real time, an online monitoring system of submarine cable based on bidirectional Mach Zehnder interferometer (BMZI) is proposed. The sensing principle of the system is analyzed theoretically, and a new type of submarine cable is designed and developed. Different optical fibers inside the new submarine cable are selected as the sensing arms of the interferometer to carry out the vibration positioning test. The test results show that: the on-line monitoring system of submarine cable can effectively monitor the vibration events of submarine cable; the average positioning error is 13.23m with submarine cable of 3.5km.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585321
Diffraction efficiency is a key assessment criterion for the hybrid diffractive-refractive optical systems with a wide field of view. However, diffractive optical elements cannot obtain high diffraction efficiency simultaneously in the case of broad wavelength band and large incident angle range. This character limits the applications of DOEs in the optical systems with large field of view and wide working wavelength range. In this paper, we present a manufacturing method that glued two diffractive optical elements together to reduce the stray light scattered into unwanted diffraction orders. Firstly, the separated DOEs are fabricated with the ultra-precision turning method. Then, through chosen suitable optical adhesives to glue those separated DOEs. Based on the principle of maximum diffraction efficiency on the design waveband and incident angles, we optimized the parameters of the diffractive optical elements to achieve broadband high diffraction efficiency and modulation transfer function over a wide incident angle range. The DOEs enable the system to realize a diffraction efficiency over 90% when the incident angle is no more than 54°. This method is easy to realize and maintain high structural stability. We can give a more precious design than presented methods, such as substrate optical material section and optical adhesives section. The benefit of this design and manufacturing method is that the maximum integral diffraction efficiency overall the wide angles of incidence in the whole waveband can be achieved, thereby ensuring the high modulation transfer function of a hybrid imaging optical systems with diffractive elements.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585327
We have designed two kinds of narrow-band thin film filters with Ta2O5/SiO2. In order to use them as laser beam combining elements, the multi-field simulation of two kinds of filters under CW (continuous wave) laser oblique incidence is carried out. After comparing the electric field, thermal field and stress field of the two kinds of film profiles during transmission and reflection, the change rules of each field under transmission and reflection conditions are obtained. For different film structures, the electric field strength, temperature and stress in the film are higher than the reflection’s. After that, the multi-field results of the same design is analyzed and the internal relations among the fields are obtained. The higher the electric field strength is, the more the temperature rise is and the greater the thermal stress is. Finally, the temperature rise of the filters with different focusing effects is simulated when the CW laser is oblique incident. We found that with the enhancement of focusing effect, the overall temperature rise increases, otherwise the temperature rise decreases.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585328
Ultralow-loss thin films have a very high prospect in applications such as frequency - stabilized lasers and optical atoms. GaAs/Al0.94Ga0.06 As distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) prepared by the metal organic vapor deposition (MOCVD). Systematically studied the GaAs/Al0.94Ga0.06As Bragg reflector scattering phenomenon and the absorption loss of DBR. The results show that the prepared DBR exhibits excellent surface morphology, RMS is about 0.2nm. The first order vector perturbation theory is used to analyze the scattering phenomenon of DBR. The ARS value of Bragg mirror is basically consistent with the experimental results under the full correlation theory, and the interface correlation coefficient is very close to 1. The total backscattering (TSb) of DBR was measured, and the results were less than 5ppm. At the same time, the absorption loss was studied, and a slightly higher absorption loss was detected, about 200ppm. Hall effect shows that the carrier concentration of DBR is as high as 1E18/cm3, and the free carrier absorption caused by P-type background doping is suspected to be the root cause of the excessive absorption.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585330
Thin-film narrowband filter can be used as a beam combining component in a laser beam combining system, the output beam has the advantages of narrow spectral width, good wavelength stability and high brightness. However, due to the narrow cut-off band, the electric field inside the thin film structure is very large under the laser irradiation, which leads to the great absorption and scattering losses of the thin film and affects the output beam quality. In this paper, we analyze the electric field distribution and measure the absorption and scattering losses of the thin film filter working around the wavelength of 1064nm by continuous high-power laser irradiation. Moreover, the influence of annealing process as well as super polished substrate on the absorption and scattering losses and transmission spectrum of the filter is explored.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585346
In large-scale high-power laser devices, the mid-spatial-frequency(MSF) error of the transmitted wavefront of the large-aperture spherical lens has a direct impact on the energy scattering of the high power laser. This paper proposes a technology about correction of MSF error of large-aperture spherical lens based on computer numerical control polishing. A smooth polishing theoretical model is established for spherical lens and the removal function morphology is optimized. To make a better MSF error convergence, the rigid conformed tool is designed and assembled. The polishing tool and the main axle are connected by a high-precision universal joint, so that the polishing pad can be flexibly attached to the surface of the workpiece when the tool is running. This makes it able to polish the square spherical workpiece with large curvature radius by the processing method of planar workpiece. In the earlier stage, two kinds of path are applied to converge the low- frequency error by crossing each other. Then the random path is applied for MSF error convergence. By the experimental varification of Four fused silica spherical lens with aperture of 440 mm × 440 mm, the RMS value of the PSD1 frequency band of the lens’ transmitted wavefront error is finally converg-ence to 2.2 nm through once MSF error correction.
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Zhong Hong, Zhujing Zhan, Xiyuan Liu, Hengda Qiu, Hang Zhou
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585347
Nonstoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) hole transport layer (HTL) plays an important role in realizing high efficient and hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a precursor additive approach for forming high-quality solution processed NiOx interlayer. A small quantity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is added to the conventional NiOx precursor. It is found that the modified precursor lead to an improved hole extraction efficiency and uniformity of the NiOx thin film. Statistically, compared to non-modified NiOx precursor, perovskite solar cells based on NiOx:rGO precursor have higher short-circuit current densities (Jsc) and higher fill factors (FF).
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585349
Liquid crystal on silicon achieves the corresponding gray scale by outputting the corresponding voltage value. The gamma 2.2 curve is just complementary to the human eye's color sensitivity, that means, the human eye has the best viewing effect on the display device with gamma 2.2 curve. On the one hand, in order to fit the response curve of the display device better to the gamma 2.2 curve to improve the viewing effect, gamma value with analog correction can not meet the fitting requirements;on the other hand,under the condition of ensuring the low power consumption,it is more difficult for designers to redesign a higher precision DAC.Improving the display accuracy of silicon-based liquid crystal has become an important research direction.In this paper, the frame ratio control algorithm to improve the display accuracy of silicon-based liquid crystal is proposed. The experimental results show that, the display accuracy is 7 bit without processing,there will be a "ladder" curve segment in the gamma curve of silicon-based liquid crystal. After using the frame ratio control algorithm, the display accuracy is increased to 10 bit,the measured gamma curve eliminates the "ladder". Moreover, because the more frames are divided, the smoother curvature of measured gamma curve is, the higher display accuracy is. This conclusion proves that the frame ratio control algorithm can improve the display accuracy in silicon-based liquid crystal display, and make the image display effect finer and smoother, which has a wide range of application scenarios and value。
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585359
With the ongoing deployment of 5G cellular networks, the research and development of 6G technologies have recently triggered. The current studies begin to explore the higher frequency bands, such as Terahertz (THz) and Petahertz (PHz). In order to meet the requirements PHz communications, we focus on the novel coding schemes with short block-length and high code rate. Last year, Arikan proposed new concatenated codes called polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes. Under the Fano decoding, the performance of PAC codes with short block-length can approach Polyanskiy-Poor-Verdu (PPV) bound. In order to reduce complexity, list decoding of PAC codes is proposed. However, there is no general construction method for PAC codes with different block-lengths and code rates. In order to obtain an effective solution of PAC codes construction with higher code rates and longer lengths, we propose a genetic algorithm (GenAlg) based optimization scheme of PAC codes evaluated by list decoding. The simulation results show that a (512, 256) PAC code optimized by the proposed GenAlg scheme can achieve a noticeable performance gain of 0.25 dB at block error rate (BLER) of 10−3, when compared to the PAC code constructed by Gaussian approximation (GA). A (256,192) PAC code constructed by our scheme can lend to a coding gain of 0.3 dB at BLER of 10−2 when compared to the PAC code constructed by Gaussian approximation (GA).
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585364
Soft X-ray interference lithography is a new micro-nano fabrication technology which uses multi beam soft X-ray to form interference field to expose photoresist. Due to the photochemical sensitivity of photoresist, the required fine patterns can be transferred from the mask to the substrate after exposure, development and etching. It is also a technique of frequency doubling of mask period. In this paper, the change of line edge roughness of micro-nano pattern before and after photoresist etching is studied. The results show that the line edge roughness of micro-nano structure after etching is better than that before etching. The line edge roughness of the etched nano pattern is 2.20 nm, which is two thirds the line edge roughness compared with 3.35 nm before etching. The height uniformity of the etched nano pattern is also optimized. This paper provides a reasonable support for soft X-ray interference lithography to fabricate accurate micro-nano patterns by selecting appropriate substrate material, exposure parameters and etching process.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585367
This paper presents a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) for 32×32 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. The ROIC integrates 32×32 active quenching circuit and time-to-digital converter (TDC) circuit. Each ROIC unit has a novel active quenching circuit (AQC) and an in-pixel TDC. The ROIC and the detectors are integrated by Flip-Chip .The novel quenching circuit with active reset function is proposed to reduce the dead time. A dual-counter-based TDC is designed to prevent the metastability of the counter. The sensor is fabricated in 180-nm CMOS BCD technology. The simulation results show the novel active quenching circuit effectively reduces the dead time down to 10 ns. The 13bit-TDC helps the system achieve centimeter-accuracy detection.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585373
Self-traceable gratings with small scale are much desired in nano-metrology. Atom lithography is the fundamental technique to fabricate self-traceable gratings but the resolution of grating pitch is usually limited by the laser wavelength. To lower down the grating scale, an approach introducing the polarization gradient light field was demonstrated here to achieve the gratings frequency doubling. The influences of polarization gradient standing wave field and cooling light field on the internal atomic structure were first analyzed to illustrate the principle of frequency doubling. And it has been proven that the grating pitch can still perfectly keep traceable to the laser wavelength. Then a quarter-wavelength (λ/4) pitch of 106.4nm self-traceable grating was fabricated experimentally by atom lithography using 425.55nm laser. This approach is hopeful to realize the λ/8 pitch as well, which provides an effective way to fabricate the smaller-scale self-traceable gratings.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585375
The development of semiconductor industry has made nanometrology more and more important, of which Si/SiO2 multilayer thin-film based critical dimension structures is one of the potential certified reference materials to calibrate measurement instruments. However, in the fabrication process, the quality of the bonding step mainly influences the performance of final structures. In this study, we applied thermocompression bonding method to eliminate the side effect, such as the contamination of adhesive layer and the influence of the adhesive layer on AFM probes caused by the traditional adhesive bonding. Further, thermocompression bonding realized simultaneous observation on both left and right structures in different wafers. On this basis, we also discussed the influence of the size of the silicon wafer, bonding temperature and pressure on bonding performance. The images show that small size is more conducive to improve bonding quality. Besides, the AFM measurement results indicate that Si/SiO2 multilayer thin-film can remain undeformed under higher temperature and pressure (200°C-300°C, 0.6MPa-1.0MPa). This method provides support for Si/SiO2 multilayer thin-film based critical dimension to become high quality certified reference material.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585377
Inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites have received extensive attention in the field of optoelectronic devices, due to its lower cost, high carrier mobility, high defect tolerance, narrow emission bandwidth and tunable emission spectra. In recent years, we have observed a rapid development of perovskite based light emitting diodes (LED), however, the performance of blue perovskite LED falls far behind the green and red LEDs. The blue perovskite LED suffers from the fast crystallization of chlorine based perovskite, and the instability of the mixture phase of chlorine and bromine under electrical stress. In this work, in order to improve the stability of blue LED, the macro-molecular material butylammonium chlorine (BACl) is introduced into three-dimensional cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) to form quasi two-dimensional perovskite structure. By adjusting the molar ratio of BACl over CsPbBr3, the number of inorganic layers (n) in the quasi-two-dimensional structure is finely tuned. A color stable perovskite light emitting diodes with wavelength ranging from 450-490nm (deep blue to sky blue) is achieved. Furthermore, phenethylammonium (PEA) cation, a water and oxygen stable aromatic material, is added into the quasi 2D perovskite precursor to form mixed spacer cation perovskite layer. The performance and stability of the blue LED with different molar proportion of BA+ to PEA+ is investigated. Finally, a color stable perovskite blue LED with luminance exceeding 1000 Cd/m2 is achieved.
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Yujun Pan, Xiuli Bai, Hongchun Chen, Xuefeng Xu, Jing Liu
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585379
A high-order mode converter and multiplexer based on silicon waveguide is designed. According to the principle of mode coupling, the conversion between high-order modes in different polarization states can be realized, including TM01 toTE11 mode conversion and TE01 to TM11mode conversion. Using the FDTD method, we analyze in detail the influence of the waveguide width W on the mode refractive index N, as well as the influence of the waveguide width W, the gap G and the coupling length L between different waveguides on the polarization extinction ratio and insertion loss. The results show that the polarization extinction ratio of the designed mode converter is 23.17dB and 24.9dB, the loss is 0.27dB and 0.589dB, and the coupling length is 14µm and 9.7µm, respectively. Besides, we proposed a 10-channel simultaneous polarization and mode division multiplexing system by the cascade of 10 mode converters, which can further increase the communication capacity.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585380
Multilayer dielectric gratings (MDGs) have been widely used in spectral beam combining, chirped pulse amplification, and external cavity diode lasers systems. However, the one-dimensional MDGs suffer from the polarization-sensitive properties due to the modulation in only one direction. Two-dimensional (2D) MDGs have more flexible control ability to realize polarization-independent properties but are rarely reported. Here, we demonstrate the realization of polarizationindependent broadband MDGs via 2D grating array. The 2D Si:H MDG exhibits more than 97% non-polarized diffraction efficiency over 90 nm. Further, the influence of the refractive index on high-efficiency bandwidth of the MDGs was investigated via a comparative study using Si:H and TiO2, materials with a large difference in refractive indexes. The high-efficiency bandwidth of Si:H MDGs is near 1.4 times the breadth of TiO2 MDGs. Our results provide a new platform and deeper understanding to realize polarization-independent broadband MDGs.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585385
Inverse design is one of the most important design methods of nanophotonic devices. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning technique and applications, deep learning assisted inverse design method has been introduced into the field of nanophotonic device design. In this work, by combining the direct binary search method with multilayer convolutional neural networks, we present the inverse design of a wavelength demultiplexer which has 1352 design variables. The dropout strategy has been employed to avoid overfitting in training the inverse design model. The simulation results indicate that the trained CNN can both efficiently forward predict the spectrum and inverse design the structure.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585386
Resonant pressure sensors are widely used in high precision pressure measurement, but they are mainly focused on the measurements of absolute pressure at present. The fluctuation of atmospheric pressure disturbs the accuracy of gauge pressure sensor. Therefore, a resonant gauge pressure sensor with a double-ended tuning fork resonator is proposed based on wafer level anodic bonding method. To sense the gauge pressure with high accuracy when the resonator is set inside the diaphragm, a novel composite diaphragm structure is proposed with the glass vacuum package layer involved in the pressure-lead diaphragm deflection. The resonator is laterally electromagnetically driven to symmetry mode and electromagnetically detected. With finite element analysis simulation, the effects of several key factors on the measuring accuracy of gauge pressure sensor are discovered and optimized. Research results show that the frequency detection error caused by the fluctuation of atmospheric pressure is reduced by changing the area of bonded area above the resonator and the glass thickness. The simulated non-linearity of proposed sensor after quadratic polynomial fitting is less than 0.01% FS with the pressure range of 0-2.5 MPa, and its measuring sensitivity is up to 3996.6 Hz/MPa.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585388
In this paper, a wavefront testing method of membrane diffractive lens based on line structured light deflectormetry is proposed. The test membrane diffractive lens was placed between a screen and a camera, and a series of artificially coded line structured light that scanned on the screen were shot by the camera through the diffraction of the test lens. After the difference calculation of coordinates where light on the test lens and the screen, wavefront of the test diffraction order could be obtained by the integral of slopes. To improve the measuring accuracy, systematic errors were removed by N-step averaging method. In the experiment, a membrane diffractive lens with a diameter of 80mm, F/4.5 was measured using this method, which proved the feasibility after self-consistent results were obtained.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585389
Traditional optical processing technology is limited by factors such as the geometric size and stability of the removal function of the processing equipment, and it is very difficult to process optical elements with complex structures with large depths and small periods. In particular, the high-efficiency and high-precision processing of optical elements with complex structures whose depth is micron-level and space period is millimeter-level has always been a technical difficulty. This paper proposes a method for processing optical components with complex structures based on magnetorheological polishing technology, focusing on solving the traditional magnetorheological polishing technology small size removal function generation and stable control problems, and obtaining small size removal with stable removal efficiency and morphology function. The magnetorheological fluid circulation system is a key component of the magnetorheological polishing machine. The structure of traditional magnetorheological fluid circulation system is difficult to match the stable transmission of magnetorheological fluid under small flow conditions. This paper proposes a method of dual peristaltic pump & pulsation damper combined with variable-diameter back pressure pipeline to achieve the stability of magnetorheological fluid control. The flow fluctuation error of magnetorheological fluid is reduced from 10-40ml/min to 1-5ml/min. The diameter of the polishing wheel of the machine is 20mm and the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid is 200ml/min. A two-dimensional sinusoidal surface processing was performed using magnetorheological machine. Sinusoidal surface design PV=1.0λ (λ=632.8nm), RMS=159.5nm, the space period is 3mm, the element size is 50mm×50mm. The width of removal function is 1.33mm, FWHH (Full Width at Half Height) is 0.98mm, and volume removal rate is 0.004mm 3/min. After the element is completed, the residual RMS is reduced from the original 159.5nm to 15.7nm, and its convergence rate is 90.1%, with high convergence accuracy. The experimental results show that the configuration of the magnetorheological fluid circulation system proposed in this paper realizes the generation and stable control of the small size removal function and finally realize the fabricating of phase components with a minimum space period of 3mm.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585403
With the increase of the number of satellite systems and the diversity of satellite loads, the satellite networks present obvious heterogeneity. The centralized management and control characteristics of SDN provide ideas for the unified management of satellite heterogeneous network resources, and the programmable control plane also provides the possibility of dynamic reconfiguration of satellite networks. It is necessary to explore a centralized network architecture based on SDN, so as to manage and control the satellites better. Moreover, an emulation platform has been designed with respect to verifying the feasibility of our network paradigm. Firstly, this paper analyzes the development status of satellite network management and control and the exploration of SDN in terms of satellite network management and control. Secondly, this paper points out some challenges in the application of SDN in satellite network management and control. Thirdly, this paper also proposes a SDN-based satellite network management and control architecture, and proposes a hardware emulation platform based on OpenFlow switches. Finally, this paper adopts a programming method to simulate the satellite network scenario, completes the load migration of burst traffic when the link utilization rate exceeds 80%, and proves the feasibility of using SDN to control the satellite network.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116172Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585412
Structure Illumination Microscopy (SIM) is a wide-field super-resolution fluorescence imaging technology with characteristics such as fast imaging speed and low phototoxicity. By projecting sinusoidal patterns at the sample plane, the high-frequency information in Fourier space which is out of the optical transfer function of the optical system is loaded into the low-frequency information and collected by the objective lens. However, due to the mechanical error of the system, the fringes in the collected data often have some deviation from the presupposed initial values. These systemic errors of fringe will directly affect the quality of the reconstructed SIM image, among which Fringe modulation depth is a very important parameter. Here, we explored the SIM reconstruction method based on the U-net neural network architecture recently reported by Luhong Jin et al.We performed a simulation to validate the method. Specifically, we use an open source fluorescent-bead images for the training and testing. We found that after training, the output of the trained neural network is very close to the ground truth, and then the super-resolution information can be well recovered from the low-modulation SIM raw images. We then further performed the similar study on the images of real biological structures which are also available as an open source dataset. Our study thus demonstrates that the deep learning neural network algorithm can significantly relax the requirement on the fringe modulation depth.Therefore, the simplified SIM system without any polarization modulation can be expected.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161730 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585413
The self propagating welding of Kovar and sapphire was carried out with NiAl nano multilayers. The samples were tested by X-ray machine, scanning acoustic microscope, scanning electron microscope and bonding tester. The results show that sapphire and Kovar can be well self propagating welded using multilayer NiAl nano multilayers as heat source and solder to form uniform weld joint. The void ratio of the weld joint is 1.1%, and the welding strength is ~ 3.38 MPa. This study lends credible the welding of sapphire and similar metal materials.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161731 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585422
InP-based back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (MUTC-PDs) with high-speed and highresponsivity are demonstrated using flip-chip technology in this letter. The partially depleted absorption layer with gradual doping and cliff layer are utilized to realize large 3-dB bandwidth. A high responsivity of 0.54 A/W with over 40 GHz large 3-dB bandwidth from a 7-μm-diameter back-illuminated MUTC-PD is achieved. The results demonstrate that the modified design can effectively enhance the internal electric field and concentration gradient, so as to optimize the response speed of the device.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161732 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585423
Nanomechanical resonators based on two-dimensional materials offer opportunities to study the mechanical properties of atomically thin membranes and to develop sensitive detection schemes. However, these applications are limited by problems with nanofabrication. In addition, graphene is a pure surface that is sensitive to contamination. It is challenging to keep graphene clean during fabrication. Here we present our graphene resonator fabrication process. We control the geometry of the cavity over which graphene is suspended to prevent the membrane from collapsing. Then we minimize the occurrence of fabrication residues on the supporting substrate and optimize the cleanliness and flatness of the interface between graphene and electrodes used for electrostatic actuation. After optimizing the fabrication of the graphene resonator, we measure the frequency response of our resonators using an optical interferometry setup. We control the resonant frequency of vibrational modes by applying a dc voltage between the membrane and an electrode patterned at the bottom of the cavity and verify that the response of our resonators is tunable over a wide frequency range.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161733 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585425
The performance of the optical elements at-wavelength measurement is affects by the synchrotron radiation beam divergence angle, and it is necessary to modulate a highly collimated X-ray as the measurement beam. In this paper, a multiple-crystal X-ray diffraction system composed by the channel-cut crystal, which is used to suppress the angular divergence of the synchrotron radiation beam. The Si(111) channel-cut crystal should work at the energy range of 10- 18keV, which can suppress the angular divergence of the beam lower than the Darwin width of the double crystals. The divergence angle was measured by the Si(111) analyzer is 2.9″@10keV at the vertical direction and 2.01″@18keV at the horizontal direction. The measurement results shows that the channel-cut crystal can suppress the synchrotron beam divergence angle and provide a high collimated light for the at-wavelength measurement of the optical components.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161734 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585426
A stimulated Brillouin scattering-based Fourier domain mode locking optoelectronic oscillator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate complementary linearly-chirped microwave waveform (LCMW) pairs. The chirped components of the generated LCMW pairs are in C band and Ku band, and their center frequencies can be easily tuned. The generated LCMW pairs have great coherence since pulse compression ratio of each chirped component ids close to the time-bandwidth product (i.e., 10250). What’s important, the generated LCMW pairs have excellent frequency sweep linearity which is better than 1.76%.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161735 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585427
This article mainly take the research in controlling the parallelism of the Φ200mm×10mm sapphire window during the polishing fabrication. First, in the period of full aperture polishing by adjusting the polishing parameters ,the parallelism of the sapphire window conversed to the level of below 3", then we took the sub-aperture ion-beam polishing technique to make the further convergence of the parallelism, in this precise polishing stage, with the ion-beam figuring machine IBF600, the parallelism error was converted to the surface tilt error map ,through the proper choice of the removal function and dwell time calculation, the thin sapphire window’s parallelism converged to subsecond accuracy which satisfied the application requirement of this element
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161736 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585428
The error calibration of the nonlinearity of atomic force microscope (AFM) is the critical step to assure the accuracy during the measurement of microscale structure. In this paper, a new method to calibrate the atomic force microscope is proposed, which is based on the one dimensional self-traceable Chromium nanometre length reference material fabricated by the technique of atomic lithography. The pattern of the Cr grating measured by the metrological AFM present that the pitch is 212.8 nm and the accuracy of the pitch is better than 0.1nm. The number of its pitch is obtained by the centroid method on the data of the grating pattern. The nonlinearity of the commercial AFM is calibrated in the way of measuring the mean pitch of the Cr grating under the several different micron scale. This work offers a flexible solution for calibrating the AFM and meet the calibration need in the activity of nanometre fabrication
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161737 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585433
Development and Application of high repetition rate extremely brilliant coherent X-ray source poses significant challenges to the correlated focusing optical elements. The Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL) have become an important apparatus for X-ray beam focusing and shaping as they are less sensitive to shape errors, and their overall ease-of-use. It is also can be applied to micro-imaging, phase contrast imaging and X-ray scanning microscopy. The diamond material is an ideal material for optics applicate in advanced light source as they have higher refractivity, lower absorption, higher heat conductivity and stability. We propose to develop a simulation modal for compound refractive lens and fabricate a diamond based Compound Refractive Lens access to high repetition rate extremely brilliant coherent X-ray source.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161738 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585436
The continuous phase plate with a large wavefront gradient is used as the far-field beam shaping element in some highpower laser physics experiments. During the fabrication of continuous phase plate and before the actual use, it is necessary to measurement its wavefront to judge the fabrication quality and whether the wavefront distribution meets the requirement of use. By constructing a novel amplitude replacement phase retrieval algorithm with variable weighting factor, fast and high precision reconstruction of CPP with large wavefront gradient can be achieved. The proposed method is validated by numerical simulation and experiment.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161739 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585441
For lens-free imaging technology based on axial multi-plane phase retrieval, the test parameters have a very important impact on the image reconstruction speed and quality. The deviations between the actual position of the recorded diffraction intensity pattern and the set position in the reconstruction algorithm will also affect the image reconstruction quality. We analyzed the influence of test parameters and deviations on the reconstruction accuracy and proposed a method to correct the position mismatch of the intensity image. The effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation and experiment.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585442
Here, we demonstrate a homemade compact portable 795nm DFB laser system for atom interferometer. The whole laser system including the control unit is integrated in a module with a dimension of 345 mm×275 mm×70 mm . The laser frequency is respect to 87Rb D1 line F=2→F’=2 transition by modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technique. The short-term linewidth is less than 700kHz@1.68ms, and the short-term stability of frequency is less than 157.4 kHz@1.5min (standard deviation). The output power after a single mode polarization maintaining fiber is about 30 mW, and the laser power instability is better than 0.23%@11 h (RMS) and 2.4%@11 h (peak-to-peak value). The polarization extinction ratio (PER) for output fiber is specified to be greater than 25.9 dB, and the mode-hop-free tuning range is greater than15 GHz. The compact laser system has been applied in the state selection process of our atom interferometer and achieves about 90% state preparation efficiency.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585443
With the development of coherent optical communication systems, the optical communication networks are becoming more dynamic and complex. The optical signals in communication networks are vulnerable to various impairments. Therefore, optical performance monitoring (OPM) is essential for optical networks, which ensures the robustness of the networks. Real-time chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring is the basis for the compensation of CD induced transmission impairment. Therefore, to enable the high quality-of-service of reliable optical networks, it is essential to implement accurate CD monitoring for fiber optical transmission link. In this paper, we present a blind CD estimation method in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) for polarization division multiplexing (PDM) coherent optical communication systems. The CD monitoring range is set from 1340ps/nm to 9380ps/nm with step of 1340ps/nm. We experimentally demonstrate the proposed method in PDM quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), PDM 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) and PDM 64-QAM systems. The experiment results in our scheme show that CD values can be estimated successfully. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of CD monitoring for 112Gbps PDM QPSK, 112Gbps PDM 16-QAM and 120Gbps PDM 64-QAM are 3.79ps/nm, 7.57ps/nm and 9.68ps/nm respectively.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585452
Free space optical (FSO) communication is an efficient and environmentally friendly communication technology. FSO communication has attracted attention and it been considered as a next emerging high-speed communication technology due to high bandwidth, low cost of implementation, unlicensed spectrum allocation, and security compared with other wireless technology. Atmosphere turbulence, leading to the performance loss of communication links, is the main influence factor in the outdoor optical communication system. In this paper, the mitigation of channel fading is studied by designing a transceiver scheme and making full use of the advantages of the diversity technology on the premise of channel statistics at the transmitter. Spatial diversity technology is an effective means to mitigate channel fading and improve system performance. Besides, as the number of users' devices is growing significantly, the demand for multi-user high-speed communication is more and more urgent. Meanwhile, for low implementation complexity, intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) is commonly used in the FSO communication system. For those reasons, we study the IM/DD transceiver design for two-user SIMO FSO communications over weak atmospheric turbulent channels, to mitigate fading caused by turbulence and improve bit error rate performance. To efficiently realize transmission and manage the multi-user interference, which is a core problem in modern digital communication systems, this paper develops a novel concept of multiplicative unique decomposable constellation group (MUDCG) and then propose a signal set design, which can be uniquely and efficiently decomposed by each user at the receiver. We design a MUDCG in one dimension, with the constellation minimizing the optical power with the minimum Euclidean distance after taking the logarithm. Notably, the proposed constellation is equivalent to the commonly-used pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) constellation, which admits a fast decoding structure. Simulation results show that the MUDCG design has a significant improvement in error performance as compared with the conventional TDMA scheme.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173D (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585454
An optimal piecewise Chebyshev fitting method (OPCFM) for calibration of cryogenic temperature sensors (especially the negative temperature coefficient resistors) is presented. Compared with other common fitting equations, Chebyshev polynomials give the best fitting performances at low temperature range of 14.5-40K. Based on least squares Chebyshev fitting method, the OPCFM is good at finding the best overlapping field and optimal coefficient power to minimize standard deviation at each segment. The experimental results demonstrated that this method can minimize its standard deviation at cryogenic temperature range and keep deviation below 1mK at 18K in most cases. Using the same original data, the OPCFM shows better performances on the whole temperature range (14.5-300K) compared with original Chebyshev fitting method used in ten commercial cryogenics temperature sensors’ certificates of calibration. The results prove that our proposed OPCFM can enhance the calibrated accuracy of cryogenic sensors, which has a significant promotion for improving temperature measurements at cryogenics.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585456
Based on the fact that laser detectors need to be stored for long time but used only once, the research on main stress and acceleration model, which affect storage life was performed. First, design principles for safe accelerated range of stress, stress forcing method and test time for accelerated test were presented, and the way to estimate the type of life distribution. Then, the method of accelerated model parameter evaluation based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) were proposed to calculate the accelerated factor. Finally, based on the accelerated factor, the test data was conversed for evaluation of storage life. The research of the paper can be used as a reference for products of the same type to evaluate the storage life.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585459
In this paper, the fiber Bragg gratings wavelength demodulation system based on tilted fiber grating is designed. The temperature sensing characteristic is researched. The demodulation system is formed by a tilted fiber grating, four sensing FBGs, One broadband light source and four photodetectors. The tilted fiber grating is as edge filter. The central wavelengths of the four FBGs are 1560.0nm, 1561.5nm, 1563.0nm and 1564.5nm respectively. When the temperature increases gradually from 0 °C to 105 °C, the simulation results show that the demodulation range of four FBGs is from 1560.0nm-1566nm, the sensitivity of FBG1, FBG2, FBG3 and FBG4 are 0.458 mW/°C, 0.564mw/°C, 0.651mw/°C and 0.559mw/°C, respectively. This system provides a new demodulation scheme for array sensing.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585460
The 1064nm partially reflective coatings has been widely used in high-power laser optical components. The current research status on 1064nm partially reflective coatings is that it is difficult to balance the electric field and spectral tolerance. In order to satisfy both high spectral efficiency and high laser induced damage threshold, we use HfO2 and SiO2 to design and fabricate three kinds of coatings with different electric field distributions. This paper measured the actual spectra of the three coatings and obtained high spectral efficiency. The damage threshold of the coatings is measured by the damage threshold test platform built by the laboratory. The final research results show that when the matching layer is on the side of the substrate, the electric field is lower and the damage threshold of the coatings is higher.
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Shuaihui Sun, Jie Guo, Ruiting Hao, Bin Liu, Huimin Liu, Guoshuai Wei, Xiaole Ma, Xiaoming Li, Shuiliu Fang, et al.
Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585461
The thin film solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) compounds have been considered the potentially substitute to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe absorbers due to its low cost, earth-abundant and non-toxic components. The present convention efficiency based on Mo/p-CZTS/n-CdS solar cell is far away from the theoritical value, which originated from the interfacial recombination at the Mo/CZTS heterojunction. In our study, we sputtered a 25nm thickness temporary Ge layer between the Mo electrode layer and the CZTS absorbed layer fabricated by spin coating, which could reduce the recombination centers and the Sn-loss. The partial Ge element would diffuse to CZTS which resulted in the formation of kesterite Cu2ZnSnGeS4 (CZTGS) thin films in which the (112) diffraction peaks shifted towards higher angle. The reason is the decreased lattice constant due to the replacement of large Sn atoms by smaller Ge atoms. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the regularity and uniformity have been improved and the voids decreased after inserting Ge layer. The photovoltaic device (ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CZTGS/Mo) was fabricated. The illuminated J–V characteristics showed that the open circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 513.42 to 620.71 mV, the short circuit current density (Jsc) increased from 11.57 to 12.44 mA, and the efficiency increased from 2.41 to 3.88% after inserting the Ge layer, which attribute to the decreased recombination at the Mo/CZTS contact and the broaden absorption spectra.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585464
Due to the addition of immersion medium, when the diffraction happens in high refractive index medium, the optical path difference and angular dispersion will increase proportionally. Therefore, when immersed grating is used in imaging spectrometer, it will have higher resolution, higher angular dispersion and more compact instrument structure. In this sense the immersed grating is one of the key elements in greenhouse gas hyperspectral spectrometers. In this paper, we have designed the immersed grating with high diffraction efficiency for the atmosphere methane spectral band (the shortwave infrared). The diffraction characteristics of the immersed grating have been investigated by using rigorous coupled wave theory. The simulation showed: the groove depth and duty cycle of the immersed grating must be controlled within the range of 1050nm-1100nm and 0.3-0.36 respectively, in order to guarantee the 1 order diffraction efficiency would be over 80% at wavelength 2300nm. The immersed grating with the period of 1319nm in a silica substrate of 120 mm x 95mm will be fabricated by holographic lithography - ion beam etching in late 2020.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585470
Devices driven by piezoelectric actuators has many advantages such as easy control, fast response speed and high availability. But piezoelectric actuators have unavoidable nonlinear problems to the spreading of piezoelectric-actuator-drive optoelectronic devices when we need a linear mapping relationship of voltage-to-displacement in many situations. Many ways have been tried to solve this problem, many models like Preisach model and Polynomial model have a bad robustness when facing up with different voltage and the piezoelectric actuator’s displacement. Based on convolutional neural network, we put up with a new way to fix the hysteresis problem by building fine neural network structure, which can learn many features of piezoelectric actuators’ electromagnetic properties and mechanical properties. Combined with other classic algorithm of system control such as PID algorithm, we bring up with universal framework for piezoelectric-actuator-driven devices, especially FabryPerot interferometer(FPI). Researchers can use our solutions to build their optic-mechanical-electric systems quickly without spending too many time on coding and system control.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585474
We present an optically assisted frequency modulation (FM) demodulation method to characterize the resonance mode of a graphene resonator. The intensity of a laser at 795 nm is FM demodulated to actuate the graphene resonator, where the carrier frequency is approximately around the resonant frequency of the resonator and the FM deviation is set by the reference signal from the lock-in amplifier. A continuous laser at 633 nm is directed in the sample to perform the optical interferometry technique and the resonance mode of the graphene resonator is extracted through the lock-in amplifier. In this way, resonance modes at high frequencies much larger than the bandwidth of the lock-in amplifier could be detected within a high accuracy. In our configuration, we have obtained the graphene resonance mode at frequencies around 10 MHz with a 100 kHz bandwidth lock-in amplifier.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585479
We report the experimental observation of the squeezing effect in a graphene mechanical resonator due to an optical actuation force. We fabricate a circular suspended graphene mechanical resonator and measure two quadrature components of the mechanical mode via a phase-locked demodulation technique. By analyzing the correlated distribution of the two components, we find a squeezing effect when increasing the actuation power. We also observe singularity phenomena right at the cut-off frequency, which might be related to the nonlinear effect. Further study is needed to fully understand these phenomena. Our results might find new applications in the fields of sensing and mechanical information processing.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585481
The high-precision gravity measurements of cold atom experiments puts highly demands on the design and qualification of magneto-optical trap. We present a new modular magneto-optical trap for the cooling and manipulation of rubidium atom interferometry based on free space optical bench technology, which has been developed for a portable atomic inertial sensor. The setup consists of an integrated cooling laser injecting module, a free space bench module, an integrated Raman laser injecting module and a reflecting mirror attached to a single tri-axial accelerometer. The traditional magneto-optical trap includes 3 pairs of commercial cooling laser injecting lens, which are hard to assembled together in 3 mutually perpendicular directions and intersected at a common point. This paper introduces a new free space bench method to meet the angle and position requirements of magneto-optical trap. The vertical angle error of each pair of Cooling beams and intersection coincidence distance can be controlled in a small range. And the free space bench module is easy to control the parameters of laser beams, such as power and polarization. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the new modular magneto-optical trap is more reliable and robust in comparison with traditional MOT.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585485
Abnormal reflection is one of the most basic functions of metasurface and its efficiency is very important in practical application. The implementation of perfect anomalous reflection needs to meet both phase and amplitude requirements. However, due to the absorption loss of metal materials and transmission loss of dielectric materials, perfect abnormal reflection is difficult to be realized in optical frequency. Here, we propose a multi-layer all-dielectric metasurface structure, using the reflecting layer to reflect all of this energy back to meet the amplitude requirement of 100% reflectivity. As proof of this concept, a 30° perfect anomalous reflector at 1550 nm for TM polarized light is showed. It is worth noting that this approach is not limited to anomalous reflection but can be extended to more complex metasurface functions such as focusing.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585492
Recently, visible light communication (VLC) is regarded as a new type of wireless communication that utilizes intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) to realize signal transmission. In order to make better use of spatial resources to realize multi-LED collaborative transmission and dimming control, multi-LED phase-shifted space-time codes (MP-STC) has been proposed for dimmable multi-LED VLC systems. Although the MPSTC scheme has much better communication and illumination performance, the complexity of the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) detection algorithm is too high to implement. In this paper, a low complexity detection algorithm has been proposed for the MP-STC scheme. The simulation results show that the detection algorithm’s error performance is close to or even achieving the ML detection algorithm’s error performance.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585494
HfO2 film prepared by ion beam sputtering (IBS) has greater potential in low loss laser films. However, it is prone to form sub-stoichiometric and polycrystalline structure resulting in high absorption and scattering loss. Besides, the adsorption of excess oxygen atoms will produce oxygen inclusions in the surface of HfO2 during fabrication, leading to the formation of surface hole defects, thereby increasing the surface roughness. Annealing is an important method to achieve better stoichiometry, but it tends to induce crystallization or recrystallization of the film. In this paper, thin amorphous SiO2 layers were periodically added into HfO2 coatings to synthesize HfO2/SiO2 nanolaminate layers, which can effectively suppress crystallization during HfO2 growth, increase the crystallization threshold temperature during thermal annealing, eliminate hole defects on the film surface and minimize the absorption and scattering loss. We present a detailed study of the crystallization, surface topography and absorption evolution in HfO2/SiO2 nanolaminate layers as a function of sub-layer thickness and thermal annealing temperature. It was found that thinner HfO2 layers show higher threshold temperature of crystallization, so it can maintain almost zero absorption and amorphous state under high temperature annealing.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585502
The temperature and salinity parameters of seawater are important observation elements in the marine environment. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the whispering gallery modes of a single mode fiber (SMF) ring with small radius to sensing is proposed. The temperature and salinity are mainly perceived by physical method. The variation of the bending loss with temperature and salinity of the SMF under small radius is studied. In order to solve the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and salinity, the double-loop intercalibration method is proposed to achieve high-sensitivity salinity sensing under a specific bending radius. The experimental results show that the bending loss of the SMF ring with the circumference of 28.5 mm and 31 mm has not changed obviously in the temperature range of 10 ~ 40°C, but the salinity sensitivity is better. At room temperature, when the monocyclic circumference is 31 mm, the bending loss with the salinity change rate is -5.773 ×10-2 dB/‰, the residual R2 < 0.01. When the ring circumference is 28.5 mm, the bending loss with the salinity change rate is 5.256 ×10-2 dB /‰, and the residual R2 < 0.01. The high-sensitivity sensing of salinity can be realized by the double-ring SMF through intercalibration.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585519
We researched the external cavity spectral beam combination (SBC) of laser diode (LD) with pigtail output. Two laser diodes with pigtail output, center wavelength of 976nm, and about 45% of electric-to-optical (e-o) conversion efficiency was employed to achieve spectral beam combination. This method demonstrated the feasibility of closed loop SBC of LD with pigtail. The free running spectrum, single laser spectrum with locked wavelength, after combination spectrum were measured. It showed that the spectral width of free running and tunnel range of single laser locked is about 12nm, 6nm respectively. The feedback efficiency of external cavity is about 1.55% when the transmission of cavity output mirror is about 30%. The combination power of 1.63W was obtained, the o-o(optical-to-optical) transferable efficiency is about 25%. The deterioration factor beam quality is about 1.2×, meanwhile, the efficiency loss of SBC and the reason of deterioration of beam quality were analyzed due to the internal loss of external cavity, the transmission loss of grating. In this way, the space stitching, configuration of single chip can transfer to fiber arrangement and organization, due to flexibility and miniaturization of fiber, that will provide a novel thinking for SBC of LD in high power direct application.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585520
In this paper, we have fabricated and packaged a blue micro-LED with a diameter of 50-μm based on a single layer of InGaN QD micro-LED and present a new method to calculate the junction capacitance of micro-LEDs under forward voltage using the forward AC small-signal method. The results confirm that QD micro-LEDs, like commercial LEDs, show obvious negative capacitances at low frequencies and large voltages. The values of negative capacitance at high frequency and low voltage are so small and can be ignored, or there is no negative capacitance. We have also concluded the empirical expressions for negative capacitance, voltage, and frequency.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585521
In the field of space remote sensing technology, designing a long focal length, high resolution, compact optical imaging system is one of the current hotspots in the research of micro/nano satellites. Based on the general working lens structure and actual imaging requirements of micro/nano satellites, this paper uses paraxial imaging methods to analyze and calculate the various indicators of the lens. A high-resolution coaxial refractive optical system for space remote sensing satellites is designed. The system has the characteristics of long focal length, high resolution, and compact structure. Its working band is 380nm-780nm, focal length f is 1200mm, F/ # Is 6, the field of view angle can reach 2ω=1.4°. When the satellite orbit height is 420km and the sensor pixel size is 4.25μm, the geometries resolution GSD can reach 1.5m. Through multiple optimizations of the parameters, the final designed optical system has a full field of view MTF value greater than 0.28 at a spatial frequency of 188lp/mm, and the imaging effect is excellent, close to the diffraction limit.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585523
In order to evaluate the performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems, it is of significance to fully understand the impact of spatial diffusion of light beams. Meanwhile, simple and highly adaptable spatial channel modeling is also necessary and essential for performance evaluation and system design. In this paper, we focus on the spatial channel modeling and, in particular, quantify the photon spatial distributions for different water types, link distances, and transmitter/receiver characteristics. Via using the Gaussian distribution to complete the fitting, we have proposed a simple expression to describe the spatial irradiance distribution. The numerical results have shown that the proposed spatial channel model for UWOC systems agrees well with the Monte Carlo simulation results in terms of mean square error (MSE) with or below the order of 10−7 in both turbid coastal and harbor water and demonstrates a high adaptability to the link conditions. Furthermore, on this basis, we extend the study from single source to multi-source scenario and derive the corresponding expression of spatial channel model. Considering the integrity of closely spaced multi-source array, the multi-source model has been further simplified by two-dimensional Gaussian fitting.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585524
Indium oxide nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method have a high defect concentration of oxygen vacancies. As a result, the surface electron conduction is dominated by an accumulation layer model, which is intrinsically sensitive to nitrogen oxides (NOx) vapors with the detection limit down to 100 ppb, even at room temperature in the absence of oxygen. However, the absorbed oxygen inhibits further interactions between NOx and Indium atoms, and the sensitivity is significantly restricted accordingly. In order to enhance the response, more surface defects were introduced by doping indium oxide with Ce by a Sol-Gel process. It was indicated that the surface electron concentration and the mechanism of accumulation layer transportation are regulated by the donor doping. Test results showed that the response of doped In2O3 sensors to nitrogen dioxide was two times higher than that of pure In2O3 sensors.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585526
Underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) could transmit data using blue or green light beams with high data rate and safety in a relatively short range. OFDM based UWOC systems are able to further increase data rate, however, highly dependent on the accuracy of channel estimation. In this paper, we consider the channel estimation problem for OFDM based UWOC systems. We firstly apply Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the channel impulse response (CIR) of UWOC links under different conditions to facilitate the design of the subsequent OFDM systems. Secondly, we evaluate the pilot-based least squares (LS), and two types discrete Fourier transform (DFT) channel estimation methods and compare their performance. Numerical results have suggested that the temporal pulse spread strongly degrades the performance of the channel estimation. These two DFT methods especially DFT channel estimation with noise threshold method achieved the best performance among these prior works. While for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) less than 10 dB, the performance of DFT with noise threshold method is still poor. To solve this problem, we propose a new channel estimation approach of DFT with adaptive noise threshold (DFT-ANT) which adaptively adjusts the noise threshold based on SNR, and analyze its complexity and normalized mean square error (NMSE) performance in underwater environment. Numerical results have validated the proposed approach which outperforms existing channel estimation methods especial DFT with noise threshold method in terms of accuracy for various water types.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585609
The limited bandwidth and nonlinearity of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) causes inter-symbol interference (ISI) and nonlinear distortions, which restrict capacity and/or spectral efficiency of LED-based visible light communication (VLC) systems. In this paper, a light-weight polynomial activation neural network (PANN)-based equalizer is investigated for mitigation of the ISI and nonlinear distortion effects. As a variant of classic deep neural networks (DNNs), PANN has polynomial activation functions instead of classical activation functions such as sigmoid and rectified linear unit (ReLU). Therefore, small parameter volume and good interpretability are key features of PANN. The relation between mathematical expressions of the PANN and the traditional DNN using continuous derivable non-polynomial activation functions (such as sigmoid) can be obtained by the Taylor series expansion. The polynomial function can thereby be regarded as a partial summation of the expanded Taylor series. To evaluate the effectiveness of the PANN solution, we experimentally investigate the transmission performance of the PANN-based equalizers compared with traditional linear/nonlinear equalizers, and DNN-based equalizers. Experimental results show that a well-designed PANN equalizer with relatively small parameter volume improves the transmission performance, compared with the Volterra and Chebyshev equalizers. 500Mb/s CAP256-based VLC transmission over 1m is demonstrated with phosphorescent white LEDs and a light-weight PANN equalizer with only 94 parameters. The number of parameters is 6.9% and 48% less than the DNN equalizer using sigmoid and parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU) activation functions, respectively. The error vector magnitude (EVM) performance with the PANN equalizer is 0.6dB better than the third-order Chebyshev equalizer.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585887
Visible light communication (VLC) has been emerged as a complementary promising technology to its radiofrequency (RF) counterpart due to its considerable merits, such as safety to human beings, wide spectrum without license and non-interference to RF communication. In VLC, white LEDs, consisting of red-green-blue (RGB) and phosphor-converted LEDs, are usually utilized to facilitate both data transmission and illumination, where RGB LEDs are preferred to support higher data rate communications. In RGB LEDs, the mixing ratio of the red, green and blue lights is flexible in the chromaticity diagram. As long as the alternation of mixing ratio lies in a MacAdam ellipse or the speed of the alternation is fast enough, the variations of emitted white light cannot be perceived by human beings. Therefore, additional information can be carried by different mixing ratio and index modulation technique is introduced firstly in RGB-LED-based VLC wireless systems in order to enhance either spectral or energy efficiency. Different from the state-of-the-art methods, the index modulation is performed in the chromaticity domain rather than the traditional frequency, spatial and time domains, which provides a new perspective of index modulation. More specifically, in the proposed chromaticity-domain index modulation (CD-IM) with white RGB LEDs, the input bits are divided into subblocks, including index bits and data bits. The index bits are used to select different mixing ratio, which are corresponding to different direct current (DC) bias of RGB channels. The data bits are further split into three parts for the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) on each color channel independently. The generated individual alternating current (AC) is then added to its corresponding DC current of each color channel. Since DC and AC currents could convey the information concurrently, the spectral efficiency could be improved considerably. At the receiver, a maximum likelihood (ML) detector is employed to detect the index bits as well as the data bits on the RGB channels simultaneously. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed CD-IM achieves better BER performance in comparison with its traditional color shift keying (CSK) and PAM counterparts under the same spectral efficiency.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 116173Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586386
We proposed and demonstrated a novel optically tuned SPR sensor. A carbon disulfide (CS2) film was coated on the sensing gold film as modulation layer. By controlling light, the refractive index of the modulation layer was adjusted continuously. The simulating results indicated that the larger the power intensity of the controlling light was, the larger the sensing sensitivity was. And the dynamic range of the SPR resonance spectrum moved to long wavelength with the increased of the irradiance. The proposed optically tuned SPR sensor provided a new idea for the design of the distributed SPR sensor.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161740 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586525
Vehicle augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD),its core technology derived from aviation application. Through the virtual image optical projection system, AR symbols, such as navigation arrows, lane marks, pedestrian warning, etc. and instrument panel information comprised travel speed, engine revolution speed, and so on are projected to the front windshield glass and displayed on the external real visual fusion with proper location, which may help the driver to avoid looking down on the panel frequently and uninterrupted watch the road ahead. With the aid of augmented reality technology, the real-time vehicle operation and guidance can be acquired, which significantly enhance driving safety, and effectively reduce the burden of driving. AR-HUD is an important technology direction of intelligent network connection in automobile industry. Based on large-scale commercial application, this paper summarizes definition, classification, development history, domestic and foreign status quo and development trend of AR-HUD. From the aspects of optics, background stray light, freeform surface windshield, structural volume heat dissipation and AR software, the technical challenges of vehicle AR-HUD are pointed out. Combined with R & D experience and the project practice, the corresponding measures are given. This paper has an important reference significance for the mass production of vehicle AR-HUD technology.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161741 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587267
This article, based on JJG 693-2011 Verification Regulation of Combustible Gas Detection Alarms, is to design the measurement comparison scheme, measuring the same blind sample of combustible gas detection alarm by measurement standards from different laboratories, make statistic analysis of experimental data by Z value, and obtain the comparison results, which provides an effective guarantee for the accuracy of combustible gas detection alarms and the traceable transmitting of measuring instruments in the future.
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Proceedings Volume International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application, 1161742 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587326
Structured light illumination (SI) is a most commonly used method to realize super-resolution microscopy. However, resolution enhancement in multiple spatial directions requires multiple SI to reconstruct the image, a typical number of which is nine. This technology requires the CCD camera to record corresponding numbers of images, which takes a quite long time to record a sample. In this paper, we design an optical system to combine compressive sensing (CS) algorithm with SI to realize the fast super-resolution imaging. Coded exposure technique is used to sample the hologram formed by the diffraction of the object illuminated by SI and processed with CS algorithm later. In the process of collecting 9 images with SI, the CCD only exposes 5 times, which saves nearly half of the time and operation steps. After comparison in simulation, the resolution of the SI reconstructed image using 50% sampling CS is 0.12 times higher than that of the method without SI illumination, and is the same as the resolution of the SI reconstructed image using full sampling. The method and the system realize the fast super-resolution imaging.
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